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1、美国名人作曲家、指挥家艾伦科普兰AaronCopland,1900-1990:HeTaughtAmericansAboutThemselvesThroughHisMusicplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:34repeat(MUSIC)mSteveEmber.AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutAaronCopland,oneOfAmerica1Sbestmodernmusiccomposers.(MUSIC)AaronCoplandwrotemanykindso
2、fmusic.Hewrotemusicfortheorchestra,pianozandvoice.Hewrotemusicforplays,moviesanddance.Coplandalsowasaconductor;PianiSt,speaker;teacherandauthor.MusiccriticssayCoplandtaughtAmericansaboutthemselvesthroughhismusic.HeusedpartsofmanyoldtraditionalAmericanfolksongsinhiswork.Hewasinfluencedtodothisafterst
3、udyingmusicinFrance.HesaidthatcomposerstherehadaveryFrenchwayofwritingmusic.HesaidAmericanshadnothinglikethatinthiscountry.SohedecidedtocomposemusicthatwastrulyAmerican.AaronCoplandwasborninnineteenhundredinBrookIynzNewYork.Hewastheyoungestoffivechildren.HisparentshadcometotheUnitedStatesfromeastern
4、Europe.TheyownedastoreinBrooklyn.Aaronbeganplayingthepianowhenhewasayoungchild.Hewrotehisfirstsongforhismotherwhenhewaseightyearsold.Hisdreamsofbecomingacomposerbeganwhenhewasyoung.Whenhewassixteen,heurgedhisparentstolethimstudycomposingwithRubinGoldmark.GoldmarkhadtaughtthecomposerGeorgeGershwin.Wh
5、enhewasinhisearlytwenties,CoplandwenttoPariswherehestudiedmusicwithNadiaBoulanger.Shewasoneofthemostimportantmusicteachersofthetime.HereturnedtoNewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.ThefamousconductoroftheBostonSymphonyOrchestra,SergeKoussevitzky,learnedaboutCoplandsmusic.Koussevitzkyledtheorchestraforthefir
6、stperformanceofCoplandsearlywork,MusicfortheTheater/innineteentwenty-five.KoussevitzkyalsoconductedCoplandsConcertoforPianoandOrchestrainnineteentwenty-seven.ThisworkwasunusualbecauseCoplandusedideasfromjazzmusicinhisconcerto.CoplandlaterwrotethemusicfortwoballetsabouttheAmericanWest.Onewasaboutthel
7、ifeofafamousgunfightercalledBillytheKid.CoplandusedmusicfromAmericancowboysongsinthiswork.ThispiecefromBillytheKid:BalletSuiteiscalledStreetinaFrontierTown.(MUSIC)Innineteenforty-two,theConductorAndreKostelanetzaskedCoplandtowritemusicaboutagreatAmerican,Abraham1.incoln.Coplandwrote1.incolnPortraitt
8、ohonorAmericassixteenthpresident.CoplandsmusicincludedpartsofAmericanfolksongsandsongspopularduringtheAmericanCivilWar.HeaddedwordsfromPresident1.incolnsspeechesandletters.1.incolnPortraithasbeenperformedmanytimesinAmerica.Manyfamouspeoplehavedonethespeakingpart.EleanorRooseveltzthewifeofPresidentFr
9、anklinRoosevelt,wasoneofthem.Here,actorJamesEarlJonesperformsinCoplands1.incolnPortrait.(MUSIC)Alsoinnineteenforty-two,themusicdirectoroftheCincinnatiSymphonyOrchestraaskedeighteencomposerstowritemusicexpressingloveforAmerica.Forthecompetition,CoplandcomposedFanfarefortheCommonMan.Thismusicisplayedi
10、nAmericaduringmanynationalevents,includingsomepresidentialinaugurations.(MUSIC)ExpertssayFanfarefortheCommonManwasanexampleofCoplandschangeindirectionduringthenineteenforties.Hebeganwritingmusicthatwasmoreeasilyunderstoodandmorepopular.Coplandwroteaboutthisinnineteenforty-oneinhisbook,OurNewMusic.He
11、wrotethatawholenewpublicformusichaddevelopedasaresultofthepopularityoftheradioandrecordplayer.Hesaidthattherewasnoreasontocontinuewritingmusicasifthesedevicesdidnotexist.Sohedecidedtowritemusicinasimplerway.Coplandspreadhisideasaboutmusicinotherways.HetaughtattheNewSchoolforSocialResearchinNewYorkCi
12、tyandatHarvardUniversityinCambridgezMassachusetts.OneofthemanyawardshereceivedwasthePulitzerPrize.Hewonitinnineteenforty-fiveforhisfamousmusicforaballetcalledAppalachianSpring.Itisoneofhismostpopularworks.Thelastpartoftheballetisbasedonatraditionalsong,AGifttobeSimple.(MUSIC)Coplandalsowrotemusicfor
13、severalmajormotionpictures.HewonanAcademyAwardinnineteenfiftyforcomposingthemusicforthefilm,TheHeiress.Then,hebeganexperimentingwithwhatiscalledatwelve-tonesystemofcomposing.Hismusicnolongerwasaseasytounderstand,oraspopular.Coplandstoppedcomposingattheendofthenineteensixties.Yethecontinuedtobeactive
14、asaconductorandspeaker.Innineteeneighty-two,QueensCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkestablishedtheAaronCoplandSchoolofMusic.Coplandwasastrongsupporterofliberalideas.Intheearlynineteen-fifties,heandotherfamouswriters,actorsandintellectualswereaccusedofsupportingcommunism.Publicopinionchanged,though.
15、Innineteensixty-fourzPresident1.yndonJohnsonpresentedhimwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedom.ItisAmericashighestawardtocivilians.AaronCoplanddiedinnineteenninetyattheageofninety.Buthismusicliveson.(MUSIC)ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.Itwasproducedby1.awanDavis.mSteveEmber.AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprograminVOASpecialEnglish.
