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1、美国名人教育家玛丽里昂Mary1.yon,1797-1849:A1.eaderinWomensEducationinthe19thCenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:36repeatByVivianBournazian2010-6-26Photo:www.mtholyoke.eduMary1.yonfeltthatwomenseducationwasextremelyimportant.FAITH1.APIDUS:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Everyweekatthistime,wetellth
2、estoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,SteveEmberandShirleyGriffithtellaboutMary1.yon.Shewasaleaderinwomenseducationinthenineteenthcentury.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Duringthenineteenthcentury,womenseducationwasnotconsideredimportantintheUnitedStates.Supportersofadvancededucationforwomen
3、facedmanyproblems.Statesdidrequireeachtowntoprovideaschoolforchildren,butteachersoftenwerepoorlyprepared.Mostyoungwomenwerenotabletocontinueonwiththeireducationinprivateschools.Iftheydid,theyoftenwerenottaughtmuchexcepttheFrenchlanguage,howtosewclothing,andmusic.Mary1.yonfeltthatwomenseducationwasex
4、tremelyimportant.ThroughherlifelongworkforeducationshebecameoneofthemostfamouswomeninnineteenthcenturyAmerica.Shebelievedthatwomenwereteachersbothinthehomeandintheclassroom.And,shebelievedthateffortstobettereducateyoungwomenalsoservedGod.Ifwomenwerebettereducated,shefeltztheycouldteachinlocalschools
5、throughouttheUnitedStatesandinforeigncountries.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Mary1.yonwasborninBuckland,Massachusetts,inseventeenninety-seven.Herfatherdiedwhenshewasfiveyearsold.ForMary,hardworkwasawayoflife.Butshelaterrememberedwithgreatpleasureherchildhoodyearsinthehomewhereshewasborn.Thisishowshedescri
6、bedwhatshecouldseefromthathouseonahill:Thefar-offmountainsinalltheirgrandeur,andthedeepvalleys,andwidelyextendedplains,andmorethanall,thatlittlevillagebelow,containingonlyaveryfewwhitehouses,butmorethanthoseyoungeyeshadeverseen.STEVEEMBER:Attheageoffour,Marybeganwalkingtothenearestschoolseveralkilom
7、etersaway.1.ater;shebeganspendingthreemonthsatatimewithfriendsandrelativessoshecouldattendotherareaschools.Shehelpedcleanandcooktopayforherstay.WhenMarywasthirteen,hermotherremarriedandmovedtoanothertown.Marywaslefttocareforherolderbrotherwhoworkedonthefamilyfarm.Hepaidheradollaraweek.Shesavedittopa
8、yforhereducation.Marysloveoflearningwassostrongthatsheworkedandsavedhersmallamountofpaysoshecouldgotoschoolforanotherfewmonths.Marybeganherfirstteachingjobataone-roomlocalschoolteachingchildrenforthesummer.Shewasseventeenyearsold.Shewaspaidseventy-fivecentsaweek.Shealsowasgivenmealsandaplacetolive.M
9、ary1.yonwasnotaverysuccessfulteacheratfirst.Shedidnothavemuchcontroloverherstudents.Shealwayswasreadytolaughwiththem.Yetshesoonwontheirparentsrespectwithherskills.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:WhenMary1.yonwastwentyyearsold,shebeganalongperiodofstudyandteaching.AnewprivateschoolopenedinthevillageofAshfiel
10、d,Massachusetts.ItwascalledSandersonAcademy.Maryreallywantedtoattend.Shesoldbookcoveringsshehadmade.Andsheusedeverythingshehadsavedfromherpayasateacher.ThiswasenoughforhertobeginattendingSandersonAcademy.AtSandersonzMarybegantostudymoredifficultsubjects.Theseincludedscience,historyand1.atin.Afriendw
11、howenttoschoolwithMarywroteofhergainingknowledgebyhandfuls.ItissaidthatMarymemorizedacompletebookaboutthe1.atinlanguageinthreedays.MarylaterwroteitwasatSandersonthatshereceivedthebaseofhereducation.STEVEEMBER:AfterayearatSandersonAcademy,Marydecidedthatherhandwritingwasnotgoodenoughtobereadclearly.S
12、hewasatwenty-one-year-oldwoman.Butshewenttothelocalpublicschoolandsatamongthechildrensoshecouldlearnbetterwritingskills.Ineighteentwenty-one,Mary1.yonwenttoanotherprivateschoolwhereshewastaughtbyReverendJosephEmerson.Marysaidhetalkedtowomenasiftheyhadbrains,Shepraisedhisequaltreatmentofmenandwomenwh
13、enitcametoeducatingthem.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Threeyearslater,Mary1.yonopenedaschoolforyoungwomeninthevillageofBuckland.ShecalledittheBucklandFemaleSeminary.Classeswereheldinaroomonthethirdfloorofahouse.Marysstudentspraisedherteaching.Sheproposednewwaysofteaching,includingholdingdiscussiongroupswherestud
14、entsexchangeideas.MarysaiditwaswhileteachingatBucklandthatshefirstthoughtoffoundingaprivateschoolopentodaughtersoffarmersandskilledworkers.Shewantededucation,notprofits,tobethemostimportantthingabouttheschool.Atthattime,schoolsofhigherlearningusuallyweresupportedbypeopleinterestedinprofitsfromtheiri
15、nvestment.STEVEEMBER:Ineighteentwenty-eight,Marybecamesickwithtyphoidfever.Whenherhealthimproved,shedecidedtoleaveBuckland,theschoolshehadstarted.Shejoinedaclosefriend,ZilpahGrant,whohadbegunanotherprivateschool,IpswichFemaleSeminary.AtIpswich,Marytaughtandwasresponsibleforonehundredthirtystudents.I
16、twasoneofthebestschoolsatthetime.Butitlackedfinancialsupport.Marysaidthelackofsupportwasbecauseofgoodmensfearofgreatnessinwomen,ZilpahGrantandMary1.yonurgedthatIpswichbeprovidedbuildingssothattheschoolmightbecomepermanent.However,theirappealfailed.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:MaryresignedfromIpswich.Shehelpedtoorganizeanotherprivateschoolforwomen,WheatonFemaleSeminaryinNorton,Massachusetts.Itopenedineighteenth
