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1、美国名人爵士歌手及作曲家比莉霍利德BillieHoliday,1915-1959:The1.adySangtheBluesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:19repeatByShelleyGollust2010-2-27Photo:loc.govBillieHolidaySHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ImShirleyGriffith.STEVEEMBER:AndImSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOP1.EINAMERICA.Everyweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthe
2、historyoftheUnitedStates.Thisweek,wetellaboutBillieHoliday.ShewasoneofthegreatestjazzsingersinAmerica.(MUSIC:GodBlesstheChild)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThatwasBillieHolidaysingingoneofherfamoussongs.SheandArthurHerzogwroteit.BillieHolidayslifewasamixtureofsuccessandtragedy.Hersingingexpressedherexperiencesan
3、dherfeelings.STEVEEMBER:BillieHolidaywasbornEleanoraFaganinnineteenfifteeninBaltimore,Maryland.HerparentswereSadieFaganandClarenceHoliday.Theywereyoungwhentheirdaughterwasborn.TheirmarriagefailedbecauseClarenceHolidaywasnotathomemuch.Hetraveledasamusicianwithsomeoftheearliestjazzbands.SadieFaganclea
4、nedpeopleshouses.Butshecouldnotsupportherfamilyonthemoneysheearned.SoshemovedtoNewYorkCitywherethepaywashigher.SheleftherdaughterinBaltimorewithmembersofherfamily.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:TheyounggirlEleanoraFaganchangedhernametoBillie,becauseshelikedamoviestar,BillieDove.BillieHolidaylovedtosing.Shesangand
5、listenedtomusicwhenevershecould.Oneplacenearherhomehadamachinethatplayedrecords.Thebuildingwasabrothelwherewomenwhowereprostituteshadsexwithmenformoney.BilliecleanedfloorsanddidOtherjobsfortheprostitutessoshecouldlistentotherecords.ItwastherethatyoungBilliefirstheardtherecordsoffamousblackAmericanbl
6、uesartistsofthenineteentwenties.SheheardBessieSmithsingtheblues.Andsheheard1.ouisArmstrongplaythehorn.Bothmusicianshadagreatinfluenceonher.STEVEEMBER:BillieHolidayoncesaid:Idonotthinkmsinging.IfeellikeIamplayingahorn.WhatcomesoutiswhatIfeel.Ihatestraightsinging.Ihavetochangeatunetomyownwayofdoingit.
7、ThatisallIknow.HereisBillieHolidaysingingapopularsongoftheNineteenthirties,MoreThanYouKnow.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:BillieHolidayhadatragicchildhood.Whenshewasten,amansexuallyattackedher.Shewasaccusedofcausingthemantoattackherandsenttoaprisonforchildren.Innineteentwenty-seven,BilliejoinedhermotherinH
8、arlem,theareaofNewYorkCitywhereAfrican-Americanslived.Billiesmothermistakenlysenthertoliveinabrothel.Billiebecameaprostituteattheageofthirteen.Oneday,sherefusedthesexualdemandsofaman.Shewasarrestedandspentfourmonthsinprison.STEVEEMBER:TwoyearslateBilliesmotherbecamesickandcouldnotwork.Fifteen-year-o
9、ldBillietriedtofindajob.Finally,shewasgivenajobsingingataplaceinHarlemwherepeoplewentatnighttodrinkalcoholandlistentomusic.Forthenextseventeenyears,HolidaywasoneofthemostpopularnightclubsingersinNewYork.Shealwaysworealongwhiteeveningdress.Andsheworelargewhiteflowersinherblackhair.Shecalledherself1.a
10、dyDay.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Intheearlynineteenthirties,amusicproducer,JohnHammond,heardBillieHolidaysinginanightclub.Hecalledherthebestjazzsingerhehadeverheard.Hebroughtfamouspeopletohearhersing.HammondproducedHolidaysfirstrecords.Hegotthebestjazzmusicianstoplay.TheyincludedBennyGoodmanonclarinet,TeddyWi
11、lsononpiano,RoyEldridgeontrumpetandBenWebsteronsaxophone.TheyrecordedmanyfamoussongswithBillieHoliday.IWishedontheMoonisoneofthem.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Inthelatenineteenthirties,BillyHolidaysangwithArtieShawsbandasittraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.Shewasoneofthefirstblacksingerstoperformwithawhiteband.But
12、racialseparationlawsinAmericamadetraveldifficultforher.Duringthistime,anewnightclubopenedintheareaofNewYorkcalledGreenwichVillage.Itwasthefirstclubthathadbothblackandwhiteperformers.Anditwelcomedbothblackandwhitepeopletoheartheperformers.ThenightclubwascalledCafeSociety.ItwasherethatBillyHolidayfirs
13、tsangasongcalledStrangeFruit.Aschoolteachernamed1.ewisAllanhadwrittenitforher.ThesongwasaboutinjusticeandoppressionofblackpeopleinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Ittoldabouthowmobsofwhitemenhadkilledblackmenbyhangingthemfromtrees.Manypeopleobjectedtothesong.Itwasunlikeanyotherpopularsong.Butitwasah
14、ugehit.HereisBillieHolidaysingingStrangeFruit.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Inthenineteenforties,Holidaystartedusingtheillegaldrugheroin.Soonherbodyneededmoreandmoreofthedrug.Itbegantoaffectherhealth.Innineteenforty-seven,BillieHolidaywasarrestedforpossessingillegaldrugs.Shewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtonin
15、emonthsinprison.Whenshewasreleased,NewYorkCityofficialsrefusedtogiveheradocumentthatpermittedhertoworkinanyplacethatservedalcoholicdrinks.ThismeantHolidaynolongercouldsinginnightclubsandjazzclubs.Shecouldsingonlyintheatersandconcerthalls.Tendaysafterherreleasefromjail,sheperformedatNewYorksfamousCar
16、negieHall.Peoplefilledtheplacetohearhersing.Thisisoneofthesongsshesangatthatconcert.ItiscalledICovertheWaterfront.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Innineteenfifty-six,BillieHolidaywroteabookaboutherlife.Thebookwascalled1.adySingstheBlues.AfriendattheNewYorkPostnewspaper,WilliamDuftyzhelpedherwritethebook.Afewmonthslater,shewasarrestedagainforpossessingillegaldrugs.Butinsteadofgoingtoprison,shewaspermittedtos
