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1、)2024THESTATEOFU.S.SCIENCE&ENGINEERINGScience&EngineeringIndicatorsNATIONA1.SCIENCEBOARDNationalScienceBoardDanielReed,NationalScienceBoardChairPresidentialProfessorofComputationalScienceandProfessorofComputerScienceandElectricalandComputerEngineeringUniversityofUtahVictorR.McCrary,NationalScienceBo
2、ardViceChairVicePresidentforResearchandGraduateProgramsandProfessorofChemistryUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiaSudarsanamSureshBabuGovernorsChairofAdvancedManufacturingandProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringandMaterialsScienceOakRidgeNational1.aboratoryandUniversityofTennessee,KnoxvilleDeborah1.oewenber
3、gBallWilliamH.PayneCollegiateProfessorofEducationUniversityofMichiganRogerN.BeachyProfessorEmeritusofBiologyWashingtonUniversityinSt.1.ouisVickiChandlerProvostMinervaUniversityMaureen1.CondicAssociateProfessorofNeurobiologyandAnatomyUniversityofUtah,SchoolofMedicineAaronDominguezProvostCatholicUnive
4、rsityofAmericaSureshV.GarimellaPresidentUniversityofVermontDarioGilSeniorVicePresidentandDirectorofResearchIBMDorotaGrejner-BrzezinskaDistinguishedUniversityProfessorand1.owberB.StrangeEndowedChairTheOhioStateUniversityMelvynHUff1.ecturerUniversityofMassachusettsDartmouthSteven1.eathPresident(retire
5、d)IowaStateUniversityandAuburnUniversityMatthewMalkanDistinguishedProfessorofPhysicsandAstronomyUniversityofCalifornia,1.osAngelesJuliaM.PhillipsExecutiveEmeritusSandiaNational1.aboratoriesMarviMatosRodriguezDirectorofEngineeringinMobilityandSurveillancefortheP-8AirVehicleIntegratedProductTeamBoeing
6、CompanyScottStanleyVicePresidentOfTechnoIogyTechnoPlanetKeivanStassunStevensonProfessorofPhysicsandAstronomyVanderbiltUniversityAlanSternAssociateVicePresidentandSpecialAssistanttothePresidentSouthwestResearchInstituteMerlinTheodoreGroup1.eaderfortheAdvancedFibersManufacturingGroupintheManufacturing
7、ScienceDivisionOakRidgeNational1.aboratoryWandaE.WardExecutiveAssociateChancellorforPublicEngagementUniversityofIllinoisUrbana-ChampaignBevleeWatfordProfessorofEngineeringEducationandAssociateDeanforEquityandEngagementVirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversityStephenH.WillardBiotechnologyExecuti
8、veand1.awyerHeatherWilsonPresidentUniversityofTexas,ElPasoSethuramanPanchanathan,MemberexofficioDirectorNationalScienceFoundationJohnJ.Veysey,ExecutiveOfficerBoardOfficeDirectorNationalScienceBoardNationalScienceBoardScience&EngineeringIndicators2024TheStateofUSScienceandEngineering2024March2024NSB-
9、2024-3PrefaceTheNationalScienceBoard(Board,NSB)isrequiredundertheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)Act,42U.S.C.1863(j)(I)topreparethebiennialScienceandEngineeringIndicators(Indicators)reportforandtransmitittothepresidentandCongresseveryeven-numberedyear.ThereportispreparedbytheNationalCenterforSciencean
10、dEngineeringStatistics(NCSES)withinNSFundertheguidanceoftheBoard.IndicatorsprovidesinformationonthestateoftheU.S.scienceandengineering(S&E)enterpriseovertimeandwithinaglobalcontext.Thereportisapolicy-relevant,policyneutralsourceofhigh-qualityU.S.andinternationaldata.Theindicatorspresentedinthereport
11、arequantitativerepresentationsrelevanttothescope,quality,andvitalityoftheS&Eenterprise.Thissummaryreport.TheStateofU.S.ScienceandEngineering,detailskeyfindingsfromtheninethematicreportsthatmakeupIndicators,providingin-depthdataandinformationonscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)educat
12、ionatalldegreelevels;theSTEMworkforce;publicperceptionsandawarenessofscienceandtechnology;U.S.andinternationalresearchanddevelopmentperformance;invention,knowledgetransfer,andinnovation;andU.S.competitivenessinhigh-technologyindustries.Indicatorsalsoincludesaninteractive,onlinetoolthatenablesstateco
13、mparisonsonavarietyofS&Eindicators.Thissummaryreport,theninethematicreports,andtheonlineStateIndicatorsdatatooltogethermakeupthefullIndicatorssuiteofproducts.TableofContentsKeyTakeaways2Introduction3Talent:U.S.andGlobalSTEMEducationand1.aborForce4ElementaryandSecondaryMathematicsandScienceS&EHigherE
14、ducationintheUnitedStatesInternationalS&EHigherEducationandStudentMobilityTheSTEM1.aborMarketandtheEconomyDemographicCompositionoftheSTEMWorkforceAmericans,PerceptionsaboutScientistsDiscovery:U.S.andGlobalR&D5GlobalR&DU.S.R&DPerformanceandFundingTrendsFederalAgencyFundingofR&DandS&EGraduateStudentsT
15、ranslation:U.S.andGlobalScience,Technology,andInnovationCapabilities22ResearchPublicationsInventionandInnovationKnowledge-andTechnology-IntensiveIndustryOutputConclusion35Glossary36DefinitionsKeytoAcronymsandAbbreviationsReferences40Notes43AcknowledgmentsandCitation45AcknowledgmentsCoverImageCreditRecommendedCitationContactUs46ReportAuthorsNCSESKeyTakeaways NationalassessmentsshowasharpdeclineinelementaryandsecondarystudentmathematicsperformancesincetheCOVID-19pandemic.From2019to2022,averagemathematicsscoresoffo
