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1、1.istening:TopdownandbottomupIn,real-bfe,listening,ourstudentsWiIlhavetouseambinationofthetwoprocesses,withmoreemphasesontop-downor,botlomup,listeningdependingonthe*freasonstorlistening.TOP-downvs.bottom-upItsteningInthedassrmTop-downlisteningactivitiesBottomuphstnngactivitiesCodus*onTop-downvs.bott
2、om-uplisteningImaginethefollowingsituations:Overfc,you/friemutanoously.Thinkabouttalkingtoyourfriends(inyourfirstlanguage)inanoisybar.Itislikelythatyouguessthecontentoflargesectionsatthenversation.basedonyourknowledgeofthetopicandWhathasalreadybeensaid.Inthisway,yourelymgcanalsobepractisedseparately
3、,asteskillsinvokedarequitelfereni.Top-downlisteningactivitiesDoyouevergetyourstudentstopredictthecontentofalisteningactrvrtybeforehand,maybeusinginformationaboutthetopicorsituation,pctures,xkeywords?Ifso,youarealreadyhelpingthemtodevelopthertopdownprocessingskills,byencouraging(horntousethe*knowledg
4、eofthetopictohc)themunderstandthecontent.Thisisanessentialsk三卯VWthat,inarcalifelisteningsituation,evenadvancedtearnersarelikelytocomeaaosssomeunknownvocabulary.Byusingtheirknowledgeofcontextand-texttheyshouWew-tevellearnersmaysimplynothaveenoughvocabularyorknowledgeOfIhelanguageyet,butmostteacherswr
5、flbefamiliarwithIhesituationinwhichhigher-levelstudentsfailtorgntseknownwordsinthestreamoffastconnectedspeech.Bottom-uplisteningacbviliescanhelplearnerstounderstandenoughlinguisticelementsofVltlattheyheartothenbeabletouse1hertop-downskillstofillinthegaps.Therollowingprocedurefordevelopingbottomuplis
6、teningskillsdrawsondictogloss.andisdesignedtohelpieamefsrecognisethedivisionsbetweenYrds.animportantbottom-uplisteningskill.Theteacherreadsoutanumbero1sentences,andaskslearnerstowntedownhowmanywordsthereWOUidbeintewrittenformWcIhCtaskmightsoundeasy.IorIearnorstheweakIOrmSnnormalconnectedspeechcanmakeitproblematic,soitisveryimportantforthteachertoSaythesentencesinaverynaturalway.ratherthanOctatmgthemWoSbyWOfaSom
