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1、1.ordoftheFlies1.ordoftheFliesisanovelbyNobelPrize-winningauthorWilliamGolding.ItisaboutagroupofBritishschlboysstuckonadesertedislandwhotrytogovernthemselves,withdisastrousresults.Itsstancesonthealreadycontroversialsubjectsofhumannatureandindividualwelfareversusthecommongoodearneditposition68ontheAm
2、erican1.ibraryAssociation,slistofthe100mostfrequentlychallengedbooksof1990-1999.Publishedin1954,1.ordoftheFlieswasGoldingsfirstnovel,inresponsetoTheCoralIsland.BackgroundItisverysubtlyindicatedthatthebooktakesplaceinthemidstofanunspecifiednuclearwar,perhapsimplicitlyrelatingthesavageryofthechildrenc
3、haracterstothewarfareofadults.Someofthecharactersmaroonedareordinarystudents,whileothersarriveasamusicalchoirunderanestablishedleader.Mostwiththeexceptionofthechoirboys)appearnevertohaveencounteredeachotherbefore.Thebookportraystheirdescentintosavagery;lefttothemselvesinaparadisaicalcountry,farfromm
4、oderncivilization,thewell-educatedchildrenregresstoaprimitivestate.Atanallegoricallevel,thecentralthemeistheconflictingimpulsestowardcivilizationlivebyrules,peacefullyandinharmonyandtowardsthewilltopower.Differentsubjectsincludethetensionbetweengroupthinkandindividuality,betweenrationalandemotionalr
5、eactions,andbetweenmoralityandimmorality.HowtheseVout,andhowdifferentpeoplefeeltheinfluencesofthese,formsamajorsubtextof1.ordoftheFlies.PlotsummaryInthemidstofawartimeevacuation,aBritishplanecrashesonanisolatedisland.Theonlysurvivorsareallmalechildrenbelowage13.Twoboys,thefair-hairedRalphandanoverwe
6、ight,bespectacledboyreluctantlynicknamedPiggyfindaconchwhichRalphusesasahorntobringallthesurvivorstoonearea.Twodominantboysemergeduringthemeeting:Ralph,andJackMerridew,aredheadwhoistheleaderofachoirgroupthatwa$amongthesurvivors.Ralphisvotedchief,losingonlythevotesofJacksfellowchoirboys.Ralphassertst
7、wogoals:havefun,andworktowardrescuebymaintainingaconstantfiresignal.TheycreatethefirewithPiggysglasses,and,foratime,theboysworktogether.Jackorganizeshischoirgroupintothegroupshunters,whoareresponsibleforhuntingformeat.RaIphrJack,andablack-hairedboynamedSimonsoonbecomethesupremetrioamongthechildren.P
8、iggy,themostsensibleofthebunch,isquicklyoutcastbyhisfellowbigunstheolderboys)andbecomesanunwillingsourceofmirthfortheotherchildren.Simon,inadditiontosupervisingtheprojectofconstructingshelters,feelsaninstinctiveneedtoprotecttheyoungerboys.TheoriginalsemblanceoforderimposedbyRalphquicklydeterioratesa
9、sthemajorityoftheboysturnidle.Atonepoint.Jacksummonsallofhishunterstohuntdownawildpig,includingthosewhoweresupposedtobemaintainingthefire.Ashipapproaches,butpassesbybecausethesignalfirehasgoneout.Althoughthehuntingofthepigturnsouttobethehuntersfirstsuccessfulhunt,Ralphisinfuriatedthattheyhavemisseda
10、potentialrescue.Aroundthesametime,manyoftheyoungpeoplebegintobelievethattheislandisinhabitedbyamonster,referredtoasthebeast.Jackgainscontrolofthediscussionbyboldlypromisingtokillthebeast.1.ater,Ralphenvisagesrelinquishinghisposition,thoughPiggydiscourageshimfromdoingsowhilethetwoofthemandSimonyearnh
11、opefullyforsomeguidancefromtheadultworld.AfterSamandEricreportpossiblyseeingthebeastatopamountain,RalphandJackinvestigate;theyencounterthecorpseandtheopenparachuteofafighterpilotwhohaslandedontheislandandmistakeitasthebeastasleep.Jackassemblesthechildrenwiththeconchandconfirmsthebeastsexistencetothe
12、m.Themeetingresultsinaschism,splittingthechildrenintotwogroups.Ralphsgroupfocusesonpreservingthesignalfire.Jackbecomesthechiefofhisowntribe,whichfocusesonhuntingwhileexploitingtheiron-cladbeliefinthebeast.AsJackandthehuntershavealreadyslaintheirfirstpig,theyofferpromisesofmeat,fun,andprotectionfromt
13、hebeast.Jackstribegraduallybecomesmoreanimalistic,applyingfacepainttoliberatetheirinnersavageswhiletheyhunt.Thefacepaintbecomesamotifwhichrecursthroughoutthestory,withmoreandmoreintensitytowardtheend.Simon,apartofRalphstribe,whohadcrackedandwentofflookingforthebeastbyhimself,findstheheadofthehunters
14、deadpigonastick,leftasanofferingtothebeast.Simonenvisionsthepighead,swarmingwithscavengingflies,asthe1.ordoftheFliesandbelievesthatitistalkingtohim.SimonhearsthepigidentifyingitselfastherealBeastanddisclosingthetruthaboutitselfthattheboysthemselvescreatedthebeast,andthattherealbeastwasinsidethemall.
15、Simonalsolocatesthedeadparachutistwhohadbeenmistakenforthebeast,andisthesolememberofthegrouptorecognizethatitisacadaverinsteadofasleepingmonster.SimonattemptstoalertJackstribethatthebeastisnothingmorethanacadaver.WhiletryingtotellJackstribeofthisfact,SimoniscaughtinaringduringaprimaldanceandJackstri
16、bebeatshimtodeath,withRalph,Piggy,Sam,andEricintheringalso.Ralph,Piggy,Sam,andEriclatertrytoconvincethemselvesthattheydidnottakepartinthemurder.JackstribethenraidRalphscamptostealPiggysglasses.RalphstribejourneystoJackstribeatCastleRocktotrytogetbackPiggysglasses.Intheensuingconfrontation,RogerdropsarockonPiggykillinghimandtheconchisshattered.SamandEricarecapturedandtorturedintojoiningJackstribe.Ralphisforcedtoflee.Thefollow
