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1、CHAPTER3INTEGRATIVEMANAGERIA1.ISSUES1.EARNINGOUTCOMES/Mterreadingthischapter,studentsshouldbeableto:3-1.Explainglobalizationanditsimpactonorganizations.32.Discusshowsociety,sexpectationsareinfluencingmanagersandorganizations.33,Discussthefactorsthatleadtoethicalandunethicalbehaviorinorganizations.3-
2、4.Describehowtheworkforceischanginganditsimpactonthewayorganizationsaremanaged.ManagemeIltMythMYTH:Employeesarelessethicaltodaythaninthepast.TRUTH:Ethicalmi!conductisatanall-timelow.SUMMARYThe11cdiamaybeIhecauseofthismyth.Topicslha(arepublicizedarenotalwaysinlinewithcurrentpraciices.TheideaIha1.“goo
3、dnewsdoesntsellnewspapers/hassometruthtoit.Theissueofemployeesbehavingethicallyisanimportantonetortodapsmanagers.IIowever,managersalsofaceotherimportantissuesassociatedwithglobalizationandwithemployingandengagingadiverseglobalworkforce.Becauseeachofthesetopics-diversity,globalizalion.andehicssocialr
4、esponsibility-areintegratedthroughoutmanyaspectsofwhatmanagersdoandhowtheymanage,we,regoingtolookcloserattheseintegrativemanagerialissuesinthischapter.TeachingTip:Discussthiscasewithstudents,askingthem:Haveyouseenanyunethicalconductinyourworkplaceandifso.howwasthishandled?I.VVHTISG1.OBA1.IZATIONANDH
5、OWDOESITAFFECTORGANIZATIONS?A. Introduction1. Managementisnolongerconstrainedbynationalborders.a) MiyoreventssuchascatastrophicnaturaldisastersandtheglobaleconomicmeltdownofthePaSlfewyearshavecreatedchallengesformanagersdoingbusinessglobally.b) BMW.aGerman-ownedfirm,buildsCarSinSouthCarolina.c) McDo
6、naldssellshamburgersinChina.d) Theworldhasbecomeaglobalvillage,aIxnindarjtIcssworldwheregoodsandscr,iccsarcproducedandmarketedworldwide.2. Tobeeffectiveinthisboundarylcssworld,managersneedtoadapt.B. WhatdoesitmeantoBeGlobal?1. Organizationsarcconsideredglobaliftheyexchangegoodsandserviceswithconsume
7、rsinothercountries.Thismarketplaceglobalizationisthemostcommonapproachtobeingglobal.2. Manyorganizationsarcconsideredglobalbecausetheyusemanagerialandtechnicalemployeetalentfromothercountries.3. Anorganizationcanbeconsideredglobalifitusesfinancialsourcesandresourcesoutsideitshomecountry,alsoknownast
8、lnancialglobalization.C. HowDoOrganizationsGoGlobal?1. AnorganisationgoingglobaltypicallyproceedsthroughstagesasshowninExhibit3-1.2. Thefirststeptowardgoinginternationalmaystartwithglobalsourcing(alsocalledglobaloutsourcing),whichispurchasingmaterialsorlaborfromaroundtheworldwhereveritisthecheapest.
9、a)Ascompaniesthinkaboutthebestplaces(odobusiness,theyfacechoicesofoffshore,onshore,ornearshore.Then,asacompanytakesthatnextstepingoingglobal,eachsuccessivestagebeyondglobalsourcingrequiresmoreinvestmentandthusentailsmoreriskforeachorganization.3. Thenextstepmayinvolveexporting-makingproductsdomestic
10、allyandsellingthemabroad.4. Anorganizationmightdoimporting,oracquiringproductsmadeabroadandsellingthemdomestically.a)Bothusuallyentailminimalinvestmentandrisk.5. 1.icensingorfranchising,involveoneorganizationgivinganotherorganizationtherighttouseitsbrandname,technology,orproductspecificationsinretur
11、nforalumpsumpaymentorafee.a)Theonlydifferenceisthatlicensingisprimarilyusedbymanufacturingorganizationsthatmakeorsellanothercompanysproducts,andfranchisingisprimarilyusedbySerVieeorganizationsthatwanttouseanothercompanysnameandoperatingmethods.6. Directinvestmentsmayinclude:a) Aglobalstrategicallian
12、ce-apartnershipbetweenanorgani41lionandaforeigncompanypartnerorpartners.b) JointventuresareaspecificIypeofstrategicallianceinwhichthepartnersformaseparate,independentorganizationforsomebusinesspurpose.1) ThesepartnershipsProVidCarelalivdyeasywayforcompaniestocompeteglobally.c) AoreignSUbSi(IiHryiSas
13、eparatearlindependentfacilityoroffice.Thegreateslcommitment(andrisk)occurswhentheorganizationseisupaforeignsubsidiary.D. WhatAretheDifferentTypesofGiohalOrganizations?1. MultinationalcompaniesorMNCsareanytypeofinternationalcompanyIhalnainlainspe11lionsinrnuhiplecountries.a)CompaniessuchasJohnDeere,F
14、ord,andSonyareexamples.2. TypesofMNCs:a) Amltidomesticcorporation-decentralizesmanagementandotherdecisionstothelocalcountrywhereitisdoingbusiness.b) Transnationalorborderlessorganization-companiesthatuseanarrangementthateliminatesartificialgeographicalbarriers.c) GlobalCorporation-centralizesitsmana
15、gementandotherdecisionsinthehomecountry.E. WhatDoManagersNeedtoKnowAboutManaginginaGlobalOrganization?1. Aglobalworldpresentsnewchallengesformanagers.aU.S.managersinthepastheldaratherparochialviewoftheworldofbusiness.b)Parochialismisanarrowfocusinwhichmanagersseethingsonlythroughtheirowneyesandfromt
16、heirownperspectives.IThisviewcan,tsucceedinaglobalvillage,norisitthedominantviewheldtoday.2Tallcountrieshavedifferentvalues,morals,customs,politicalandeconomicsystems,andlaws,allofwhichcanaffecthowabusinessismanaged.3) Organizationalsuccesscancomefromavarietyofmanagerialpractices.4Forexample,statusisperceiveddifferentlyindifferentcountries:(1)
