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1、FishingwithBottomGillnetsAprojectofVolunteersinAsiaBy:FAoTrainingSeriesPublishedby:IoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsPublicationsDivisionViadelleTermediCaracallaOOlOORomeITA1.YAvailablefrom:FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsPublicationsDivisionViadelleTermediCaracalla0010
2、0RomeITA1.YReproducedwithpermission.Reproductionofthismicrofichedocumentinanyformissubjecttothesarestrictionsasthoseoftheoriginaldocument.FAOTRAININGSERIESText:I.IlosrHlustrations:S.MauiI00DANDAGRICU1.TUREORGANIZATIONOETHEUNITEDRome1Notice:Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthispub
3、licationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeverbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.B_41ISBN92-5100906-6ThecopyrightinthisbookisvestedintheFoodandAg
4、ricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations.Thebookmaynotbereproducedinwholeorinpart,byanymethodorprocess,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Applicationsforsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurposeandextentofthereproductiondesired,shouldbeaddressedtotheDirector,PublicationsDivision,FoodandAg
5、ricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,ViadelIeTcrmediCaracalla,Rome,Italy.PrintedinItalyPREFACEThisbookletisaboutbottom-setgi11netting.itshowshowtomakethreedifferentkindsofnets,howtousethenets,andtellsaboutequipmentthatcanbeusedtomakefishingeasier,itiswrittenforfishermen.Peoplewhoai-readyknowtomak
6、enetsandotherkindsoffishinggear,andhowtouseboats,willalsoknowmanyofthethingsthatthebooklettalksabout.Theywillbsabletousewhattheyalreadyknowtocatchfishindifferentways.F0hopesthatfishermenwillbeabletocatchmorefishwithbottom-setgiiinets.1.-Imetre+IIFigure1Thisbooklethasbeenwritteninawaythatwillbeeasyto
7、understand,ifafishermanhastroublereadingEnglishhecantPethebooktosomeonewhoreadswe11.BylisteningtothewordsandooMgatthepicturesbewillbeabletounderstandeverything.Thebookletwillhelpeachfishermantofindthebestwaytofishwherehe1ives.Themeasurementsinthebookletareailgiveninthemetricsystem.Forthebigmeasureme
8、nts(iikethelengthofnetsortheweightofsinkers)itisailrighttosaythatametreisthedistancefromyourleftshouldertoyourrighthand(Fig.1)andthatakilogramistheweightofaI-iitrebottlefullofwater,ifyoudonothaveanybetterwaytofindout.Forthesmal1measurementsyoucanusethepicturesinthisbooklet.Anytimethewordsreaisizeare
9、writtennexttoapicture,thethingyouneedtomeasureshouldbethesamesizeastheoneshowninthepicture.FAowouldbegratefulifthereadersofthisbookletwouldsendinanycommentsorquestionstheyhaveaboutit.1.ettersfrompeoplewhohaveusedthisbooklettomakebottom-setgiii11etswillhelpustoprepareotherbookletsofthesamekind.Sendle
10、ttersto:FisheriesTechnologyService,FisheryindustryDivision,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheilnitedNations,ViadeiieTermediCaracaiia,00700-Rome,Italy.WHATAGI1.1.NETISANDHOWITWORKSgiiinetcatchesfishthatswimintoit.Ithasafioatiincalongthetopandaieadiinealongthebottom.Thenettinghangsstraightup-and-down
11、inthewater1ikeagoodfence(Fig.2).AgilInetcatchesfishbytheirgiIls.11works1ikethis:thetwineofthenettingisverythin,andeitherthefishdoesnotseethenetorthenetissetsothatittrapsthefish.Themeshesofthenet1.angwideopen.Whenthefishswimsuptothenetitsticksitsheadrightintooneofthemeshes(Fig.2a).Ifthefishistoosmal1
12、forthemeshitwillswimrightthroughandgetaway.Ifthefishistoobigforthemeshitmighttearthenetandgetaway.Ifthefishistherightsizeitpushesitsheadandbodytightlyintothemesh,butitistoobigtofitthrough(Fig.2b).Whenthefishtriestopullitsheadoutofthemeshthethintwinecutsintoitsskin;itsgillsandfinsgetcaughtinthemesh.T
13、hefishstaysinthenetuntilyoupullitup(Fig.2d).Fisharealsocaughtwhenthenetwrapsaroundthem.Gilinetscanbeusedinmanyways.Theycanbemadetorestonthebottom(Fig.3a),tohangbetweenthebottomandthesurface(Fig.3b),ortofloatonthesurfaceFigure2c_.(Fig.3).GillneIScanbesetinoneplacewithanchl(Figs.3aand3b),orallowedtodr
14、iftwiththecurr(Fig.3).Abottom-setgiNnethasheavysinkersontheIeadltokeepitonthebottomandissetinoneplaceeitherhavinganchorsatbothendsorbytyingoneendofthetosomethingonlal?d.Abottom-setgiHnetcanbeusedinrivers,lakesorsea.Youshoulduseitwhenyouknowthatthefish1Figure4wanttocatchliveonthebottomorneartothebott
15、om.Itishardtouseifthebottomistoosteep,toodeeportoorocky.Almostanysizeofboatcanbeusedtofishwiththesenets.Amanwithoneortwonetscanuseacanoeandcatchfishforhisfamily(Fig.4).Fourorfivemenwith50ormorenetscanuseaboatof7to15metrestocatchmanyfishforIhe-market.Figure5showsthedifferentpartsofabottom-setgillnet.
16、Therearemanydifferentkindsofmaterialsyoucanuseformakinganet.Youmustchoosethekindsthatarebestforthekindoffishyouwanttocatchandfortheplacewhereyouwillbefishing.Tomakeanetyouwillneednetting(Fig.Sa),rope(Fig.5b),floats(Fig.5c)forthefloat1ine,sinkersforthelead-line(Fig.5d)andplentyoftwinetoseweverythingtogeth-er(Fig.5e).Whenyouusethenetyouwillneedanchors(Fig.5f),buoys(Fig.5g),andanchor-ropes(Fig.5h).Youwillneednettingneedles(Fig.5i),agoodknife(Fig.5j)andpostsortreestohangthenetfrom(Fi
