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1、第一节 书信是应用文主要考试题型,包括自荐信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、介绍信、说明书、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信等。 书信写作格式非常重要,格式不正确往往是很多考生失分的主要原因。 什么样的英文书信能让收信人准确地理解写信人的意图,而又得体的传达情感呢?一、清楚( Clarity)。书信的内容一定要写得清楚、准确,让人读后能明确理解写信人的目的、意图。二、简洁(Conciseness)。在人们的工作、生活中,大家都很容易接受简洁、通顺的语言,而繁杂冗长的语言只会令人生厌。所以写书信时应该避繁就简,用简短的段落、简短的句子来构成一篇简短易懂的书信。三、礼貌(Courtesy)。书信应写得得体、有礼貌
2、,同时要朴实,不要使人感到做作、虚伪。Wu DefaDepartment of Geological ScienceTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan, 030024Shanxi,China寄件人姓名地址Dr. Valip收件人姓名Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan, 030024收件人地址英文书信通常包括下面几个组成部分 信头(Heading) 信内地址(Inside Address) 称呼(Salutation) 正文(Body) 结束语(Complimentary Close) 签名(Signatur
3、e) 附件(Enclosure) 副本转送(Carbon Copies) 再启(Postscript)等。信头先写寄信人的地址,然后写其他项目和发信日期。 具体次序是:第一行写门牌号和街名; 第二行写区名、市、省、国家名; 最后一行写发信日期。并列式并列式斜列式斜列式Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan,Shanxi,030024, Peoples Republic of ChinaMay.12,201479 Yingze Street Taiyuan,Shanxi Peoples Republic of China 12 May.,2014 并列式并
4、列式斜列式斜列式Mr.William Wood81 Fifth StreetWashington D.C. 10038U.S.A.Mr.William Wood 81 Fifth Street Washington D.C. 10038 U.S.A. 并列式并列式斜列式斜列式No.35 Middle School,79 Yingze StreetTaiyuan, 030024信内地址收信人地址Dear Mrs. Yang,I am a student from Taiyuan University 正文每段开头右缩进约五个字母Sincerely yours,Yang Tao结束语及签名正文下一
5、、二行处Encl: Personal Resume 信头寄信人的地址和日期Junior Class 1Dept. of EducationTaiyuan University79 Yingze StreetTaiyuan, 030024May. 12, 2014称呼模板样式模板样式不认识的人:Dear Sir/Madam认识但不熟悉的人:Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./ Dr. 朋友:Dear Mike称呼称呼写给机关、团体或不认识的人:写给机关、团体或不认识的人:Yours truly, Truly yours, Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely写给长者
6、或上级:写给长者或上级:Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours obediently 朋友或亲戚:朋友或亲戚:Yours, Ever yours, Yours ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love, Your devoted friend结束语结束语情况称呼落款未知收信人姓名Dear Sir(s)Dear MadamDear Sir or MadamYours FaithfullyFaithfully Yours知道收信人的姓名,但关系一般Dear
7、 Mr. BushDear Ms. BushDear Dr. BushDear Prof. BushYours SincerelySincerely Yours知道收信人姓名且关系亲密Dear MaryDear SmithBest regardsBest wishesLoveWith (Lots of ) Love信件常用称呼和落款用法信件常用称呼和落款用法附件附件信件若有附件,应在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。若多个附件,则应写Encls.副本转送副本转送信件若有副本转送,应在左下角注明CC.再启再启再启部分用来补充正文中遗漏的话,一般应尽量少用,正式的文件中更应避免使用。如果有可用P.S
8、.补叙书信正文书信正文1. 1. 完整完整 一封完整的书信,有助于建立和表达友善关系,可以避免由于疏漏所导致的诉讼;一封书信写得是否完整,建议用5个W来检验。(1)什么 What (2)何时When (3)何地Where (4)何人Who (5)怎样How (6)为什么Why2. 2. 清楚清楚 清楚是指写信者必须将所需传递的信息表达清楚。3. 3. 具体具体 书信中的具体原则指信要写得具体明确。4. 4. 简洁简洁 书信应行文流畅、言简意赅,避免冗长。7. 7. 谅解谅解 写信时要处处从对方的角度考虑有什么需求,而不是从自身出发,语气上更尊重对方。5. 5. 正确正确 英文书信中,除了避免语
9、法、拼写、标点错误外,所引用的材料、数据等也应准确无误。6. 6. 谦恭谦恭 语言要有礼且谦逊,及时回信也是礼貌的表现。 邀请信是邀请某人进午餐、晚餐,参加宴会、茶话会、舞会,观看戏剧、电影及邀请参加学术活动、出席仪式、典礼等社交活动的信函。根据社交活动的性质、场合不同,通常运用不同的邀请方式。(其中一种就是请柬)范例范例 邀请看电影邀请看电影 Dear Jane, We have four tickets for a famous film shown at Guangming Cinema, The Longest Day, Friday, the ninth. Will you and
10、Lin Ming join us? Well be looking for you at eight sharp Friday night in front of the cinema, so dont disappoint us! Warmest regards. Alice 当收到邀请信后,应该回信明确表示是否接受邀请,以便别人好安排活动,并应对别人的邀请表示感谢。 另一种常见的邀请信是邀请参加会议、学术活动、典礼、仪式等。邀请参加学术会议的信一般由会议组委会某一负责人来写。也应写得热情有礼,并对被邀请者得威望和学术水平等表示推崇和赞誉。应写明会议得名称、时间、地点寄有关事宜,以便对方考虑
11、好后再作决定。Dear Alice, I think youd better ask some other couple for Friday. My husband is in Shanghai and wont be back for another week. Wait till he hears what a wonderful evening he missed with you and Frank! Thanks for asking us, Alice, Im certainly sorry we cant say “yes”! Yours Jane 在西方得社交生活中,当得知朋
12、友订婚、结婚、生孩子、毕业、升职时,都要写信表示祝贺,如若知道朋友过生日,也要写上一封短笺表示祝贺。(其中一种形式就是贺卡) Dear Martin, I know how happy you and Jane must be at the news of your promotion. Youve worked hard, and the new title is well deserved. My best wishes to you. Cordially, Bob Dear Joe, I was sorry to learn that you had not been successfu
13、l in the examination. Although Im sending you my sympathy I fell you ought not to be unduly distressed at the result. You are still eligible to sit again for the examination and I am confident that this time next year, I shall be sending a letter, not sympathy, but of congratulation. My kindest rega
14、rds and best wishes. Sincerely yours, Suzan 自己因失误或疏忽而做错了事,给他人带来了麻烦或损失,应立即写信向对方道歉。这种信应写明原因,务必坦诚。 开头段:说明信息来源,并说明写作意图。 主体段:介绍相关工作经历、学习经历及个人本性,以表明你可以胜任这个职位。 结尾段:表示强烈的期盼,并希望尽快得到答复。Dear Sir or Madam, I wish to apply for the position for _ that you advertised in _. I am a student _, and I feel that my qual
15、ifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job, _. I have a fair mastery of _. As for experience, _. Therefore, I am confident that _. Incidentally, could you please inform me of _? I hope _. I can be reached at _. Thank you for considering my application again. I am looking
16、 forward to your reply and eventually, meeting you. 开头段:说明写作意图,说明写这封信的目的是寻求什么样的信息或帮助。 主体段:询问具体问题,强调所需信息的重要性。 结尾段:表达获取信息的强烈期盼,提供联系方法以供收信人与你联系。并对有关人员表示感谢。Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing in the hope that_. I am a student majoring for _, who_. I am longing to join a club or community because _. Furthermore, _. In my spare time, _. Specifically, I would like to _. If possible, I would like to _. I would be much obliged to you if _. And I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest conven