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1、一、代词一、代词人称代词人称代词it可以用来代替一个可以用来代替一个名词、短语、句子名词、短语、句子，以免重复。以免重复。(1)指代刚提到过的同一事物指代刚提到过的同一事物（同类；同一）（同类；同一）Thisismynewcar.Iboughtityesterday.(2)指动物或不考虑性别的婴儿指动物或不考虑性别的婴儿Whereisthecat?Itsunderthebed.Thebabycriedwhenitwashungry.(3)在情景中确认某人或事物在情景中确认某人或事物（不知性别的人）（不知性别的人） Whoisit?Itsme.(敲门敲门)-Whositoverthere?-It
2、sthemilkman. (4)指代前句或后句所述的情况指代前句或后句所述的情况/事情事情HesmokesinbedandIdontlikeit.Itwouldbegreatifyoucouldjoinus.(5)指时间、距离、天气或环境等（非人称代词）指时间、距离、天气或环境等（非人称代词）Whattimeisit?Itsseven.Itsabout50kilometersfromheretomyhome.Itissnowing.Itwasveryquietinthegarden.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm，Ihadexpected_tobemuchbetterA
3、thatBthisConeDit2.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,_didnthelp.A.heB.thatC.sheD.butit二、引导词二、引导词it(1)it用作形式主语用作形式主语:当当_,_,_作主语时，常用作主语时，常用it做形式主语，做形式主语，Itsapitytorefuse.拒绝是令人遗憾的。拒绝是令人遗憾的。Itsnousesayinganymoreaboutit.再谈这事没有用。再谈这事没有用。Itsnotknownwhereshewent.她到哪里去了没人知道。她到哪里去了没人知道。不定式不定式动名词动名
4、词从句从句一一it用作形式主语用作形式主语注：注：A.Itsnouse/nogood/nopleasure/useless/awasteof+doingB.Itissaid(reported/believed/expected/accepted)that据（报道，认为据（报道，认为）.C.Ithappens(appears,seems)that;Itstruckme/occurredtomethat突然想到突然想到.D.Itisapity(nowonder,)thatE.Itdoesntmatterthat没关系没关系;Itmakesnodifferencethat没影响没影响F:Itsimp
5、ortant(necessary,easy,kind)_/_sbtodosth.forof他说什么都没关系。他说什么都没关系。_他好像总是对的。他好像总是对的。_碰巧我当时没有带钱。碰巧我当时没有带钱。_据说他已经入党了。据说他已经入党了。_It doesnt matter what he saidIt seems that he is always rightIt happened that I didnt have money on me.It is said that he has joined the party.1._difficulttobeinaforeigncountry,es
6、peciallyifyoudontspeakthelanguage.A.ThatisalwaysB.ItisalwaysC.ItwouldbealwaysD.Thatwillalwaysbe2._onedaytheywillhaveenoughanimalstosetthemfree.A.ItishopedforB.whatishopedthatC.AsishopedthatD.Itishopedthat (2)it用作形式宾语用作形式宾语:当当_、_、_等用作宾等用作宾语且其后跟有语且其后跟有_时时，使用形式宾语，使用形式宾语it，而将，而将真正的宾语移至句末。这类的动词有使役动词，真正的宾
7、语移至句末。这类的动词有使役动词，find,make，feel,think,consider,seetoitthat(务必务必)等。等。如如：Ifinditeasytogetonwithher.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句宾补宾补it用作形式宾语用作形式宾语:(3)句式句式A.喜好：喜好：enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,appreciateitwhen/if/that.Idontlikeitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.Iappreciateitifyouca
8、nhelpme.他讨厌别人用他的自行车。他讨厌别人用他的自行车。_我不喜欢你生气的样子。我不喜欢你生气的样子。_B.固定句式：固定句式：我们花费我们花费10天去那里。天去那里。Ittook_轮到你来回答问题了。轮到你来回答问题了。Its_turn_该吃饭了。该吃饭了。ItstimetoHedislikes/hatesitthatpeopleusehisbikeIdontlikeitwhenyouareangry.us10daystogothereyourtoanswerthequestionhavedinner1. We must make _ to the public that somet
9、hing should be done to stop pollution.A.What is clear B. it is clearC. it clear D. that clear2. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them1）Its(about/high)time+that-从句从句.(虚拟虚拟)2）Itsfirst(second)time+that-从句从句.“某人第某人第几次做某事几次做某事”。(从句用完成时从句用完成时)3）Its/hasbeen+时间段时间段
10、+since-从句从句.“自从自从有一段时间了有一段时间了”。4）Its+时间段时间段+before-从句从句-“过多长时间才过多长时间才”5）Itisuptosbtodosth.“该由某人做某事该由某人做某事”6)Ifitwerenotfor/Ifithadntbeenfor“若若不是因为不是因为”7)IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.“归功于归功于”多亏有你我才仍然活着。多亏有你我才仍然活着。8)Itookitforgrantedthathewouldhelpus.我认为他会帮助我们的。我认为他会帮助我们的。“认为认为理所当然理所当然”9)Idependonitth
11、athewillgowithus.我还我还指望着指望着他能和我们一起去呢。他能和我们一起去呢。(4)强调句强调句Itis/wasthat/who注意以下几注意以下几点：点：A.It后用后用is/was这种单数形式。这种单数形式。B.被强调部分被强调部分是指人时，用是指人时，用_/_，被强，被强调部分指物时，用调部分指物时，用_。C.被强调部分被强调部分是指时间或地点时，用是指时间或地点时，用that，一般，一般不用不用_，_之类的。之类的。ItisIwhoamright.是我对。是我对。他是死于日本。他是死于日本。_他是昨天结婚的。他是昨天结婚的。_她是住在什么地方她是住在什么地方?_是谁教你
12、们英语是谁教你们英语?_他是什么时候来的？他是什么时候来的？_thatwhothatwhenwhereItwasinJapanthathediedItwasyesterdaythathegotmarriedWhereisitthatshelives?WhoisitthatteachesyouEnglish?Whenwasitthathecame?The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while those in their school arent.The football players on our team s
13、eem to be more energetic than those on your team.That/ those一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有不定冠词的名词。用于替换有不定冠词的名词。The style of the building is similar to that of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.That/ those一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。One/ones都可
14、。都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时，不用所有格修饰时，不用one/ones而用而用that of/those of.I like the vase better than the one / that in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than those of mine.A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent.2) it, this 和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微
15、差别在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余不如其余两者那么强调。两者那么强调。 So she decided to paint the door pink. It upset the neighbours a bit. So she decided to paint the house pink. That really upset the neighbours, as you can imagine. 当前面提到的事物不止一件时，当前面提到的事物不止一件时， it通常指最先提到的事物，而通常指最先提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。W
16、e keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. It is mainly used by the children. (指指 the machine)We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. This/That is mainly used by the children. (指指the spare room)This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的则指上文所提到的事物。事物。Listen to this! We will have three days off. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said that?3) It和和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个和它替换的是同一个事物，事物，it前无修饰语；而前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，但并不
