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1、成人英语三级考试重点语法与词汇重点语法重点语法1. 现在完成进行时 Over the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic (北极) as a result of global warming. A. had decreased B. will decrease C. has been decreasing D. is decresing 答案：C 过去的数十年间，北极的海洋冰川由于全球变暖而一直递减。 2. 条件状语从句: “主将来，从一般”If it _ tomorrow, we will stay indoors tohave our trainin
2、g class.A. rains B. rain C. will rain D. rained 答案：A 3. 情态动词+现在完成时 must have done should have done could have done would have doneExercises:1. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant答案：B2. Tom, youre too lazy! The w
3、ork _have been finished yesterday. A. would B. should C. must D. could答案：B3. Without your help, I _ have achievedso much. A. cant B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. musnt 答案：C4. 强调句型：It is（was）被强调的部分）被强调的部分that (who)被强调的部分为“物”时用that，为“人”时用whoIt was on Monday night that all this happened.It is me who he blame
4、dExercise:It was in 2005 _ we began to introducethis new technique into our company.A. which B. then C. when D. that 答案： D 5. 虚拟语气虚拟语气（1）wish+过去时：表示现在或将来的愿望 wish+过去完成时：一个过去没有实现的愿望 I wish I were as tall as you. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had been there. Exercise:- Did you see her off th
5、e day before yesterday?- No, but I wish I _.A. were B. did C. had D. would 答案： C(2) would rather+过去时，表示“宁愿，宁可” I would rather all of you came next month for a dinner. Exercise: “Shall I give you a cheque for 10?” A B“Id rather you give me 10 in notes.” C D答案：C give gave(3) It is (high) time (that)+过
6、去时 (早)该了 Dont you think it is time you gave up smoking? Exercise: It is about time that we go to supper, for we still A B C have a meeting to attend this evening. D 答案：B go went(4) A. 隐含表示说话人主观意见的词，后面用隐含表示说话人主观意见的词，后面用 (should) do suggest, advise, propose, recommend, insist, require, request, demand
7、, desire, order, command Polite manners in China demand that a person stand up when anyone enters a room. B. It is important/necessary/urgent that (should) do It is vital that enough money be collected to get the project started. Exercises:1. My suggestion yesterday was that a meeting _ to discuss t
8、he matter.A. should hold B. must be held C. would be held D. be held答案：D be held = should be held2. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be addigned D. has been assigned答案：A(5) in case, lest, for fear that引导的状语从句， should +动
9、词原形He took his raincoat for fear that it should rain.他把雨衣带身上以防下雨。6. 倒装结构倒装结构 (1) 否定词在句首：by no means, in no case, scarcely By no means will Jane agree to move to a new place far away from her workplace. (2) Only开头 Only by practice will you be able to improve your spoken English. (3) nor, neither, so
10、位于句首，句子倒装 So little did I know about the stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. 7. 同位语从句同位语从句The information which she was injured in A Bthe accident was given by Liz. C D答案：A which that同位语从句常跟在fact, evidence, information,idea, news后面，用that 引导从句 e.g. The fact came up that specific
11、 speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 mounths old. 8. 关系词的选择(1) 非限制性定语从句A container weighs more after air is put in, it A B C Dproves that air has weight. 答案：D it which (2) 先行词是 the time, the moment, 关系词用when(3) 先行词是 situation,关系词用where(4) who or whom? 定语从句中，指人的先行词我们用who或者whom做连接词，wh
12、o用来做从句的主语，whom用来做从句的宾语. This is a nurse who wears a white skirt. This is the person whom I just saw.1) He is the driver_ I want to look for.2) This is the friend _ I often visit.3) I have a friend _ has much money.4) Its a thief _ was caught by us.5) Kate is a student _ studies well.6) This is the s
13、portsman _ everyone says will win the gold medal.whomwhomwhowhowhowho9. 反意疑问句 (1) 在have to 结构中，反意疑问句要用助动词do/does/did We had to wait a long time to get our passport, didnt we? (2) 含有否定词hardly, scarcely, never, seldom等，反意疑问句要用肯定。 You never told me you have seen the film, did you?(3) 祈使句中，反意疑问句用 will y
14、ou Dont forget to write to me, will you? Lets 与Let us 区别 Lets hurry up and try to get to the railway station in time, shall we? Please let us have more time, will you?(4) 从句中，反意疑问句和从句的谓语一致 I heard that you really had a wonderful time at Johns birthday party, didnt you?Exercises:1. His wife had the f
15、ront door painted greenyesterday, _ she?A. did B. didnt C. had D. hadnt答案：B2. Dear Helen, please forgive him for his A B rudeness, can you? C D答案：D can you will you10. 主谓一致主谓一致 (1) 虽然形式以-s结尾，但表示单数意义 physics, maths, news, means(2) 动名词，不定式，从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数 When and where the new hospital will be built r
16、emains a mystery. (3) A number of 谓语动词用复数 The number of 谓语动词用单数 The number of mistakes made by him was surprising. (4) 主语+as well as, along with, together with, including, accompanied by +名词 谓语动词与主语保持一致 (5) 名词前有each, every, many a 修饰时，谓语动词用单数 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.(6) 就近原则 not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror,谓语与最邻近的主语一致。 Neither you nor I am interested in the movie. Exercises: (1) A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift
