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1、被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Many people speak English.(主动） English is spoken by many people.（被动） 许多人学英语。B级考试中常考：被动语态 一般现在时：be（am,is ,are)+过去分词 一般过去时：be（was，were）)+过去分词 一般将来时的被动语态：Will +be+过去分词 现在完成时：has/have +been+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：Can/
2、should/must/could/may +be+过去分词不定式的被动语态：To be + 过去分词 History is made by the people. The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889. More subway lines will be built in the future. English has been studied for 3 years by us at school. Music can be easily downloaded from the internet. There are twenty more tree
3、s to be planted. 牛刀小试1.She didnt received the application form; it _ to the wrong address.A. sent B. be sent C. was sent D. being sent2.As far as Im concerned, I dont like _ inthat way.A.to be treated B.to treat C. treated D.treating3.I feel its a great honor for me _ to this party.A. to invited B.
4、invite C. having invited D. to be invited4.This article is well written because special attention_ to the choice of words and styles of writing.A. had been paid B. has been paid C. will be paid D. will have paid.1.The final decision (make)_ by the team leader early next week.2.We can arrange for you
5、r car to (repair)_ within a reasonable period of time.3.All visitors to the lab (expect)_ to take off their shoes before they enter.4.We are pleased to learn that that problem (solve)_ at yesterdays meeting.5.The goods that you ordered ten years age will (deliver)_ to you tomorrow.6.This picture (ta
6、ke)_ by young reporter in Beijing last month.7.Yesterday, the secretary( give)_ the task to make arrangements for the annual meeting. 8.The new machine ought to (test)_ before it is put to use.9.If you smoke in this non-smoking area, you will (fine)_ $50.虚拟语气虚拟语气 subjective mood表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、表示所说的
7、话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。假想和建议等。 We only wish we could help. 我们但愿能提供帮助。（表愿望） If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 假若没有引力，我们就不能行走。（表假想） He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看这个电影。（表建议)条件从句条件从句结果主句结果主句与现在事实相与现在事实相反反If (we,you,he,they)+If (we,you,he,they)+动词过去动词过去式（式（b
8、e的过去式用的过去式用were）I I （we）shouldyou wouldyou would he wouldhe would + +动词原形动词原形 they wouldthey would与过去事实相与过去事实相反反If (we,you,he,they)+had+If (we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词过去分词I I （we）shouldyou would you would +have +have he he wouldwould + +过去分词过去分词 they wouldthey would与将来事实可与将来事实可能相反能相反If (we,you,he,they)
9、+If (we,you,he,they)+动词过去动词过去式（式（be的过去式用的过去式用were）I I （we）shouldyou wouldyou would + +动词原形动词原形he wouldhe would they wouldthey would 与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would refuse the money.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。 与过去事实相反 We would have dropped by if we had had time.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访。 与将来事实可能相反If you dropped the gla
10、ss, it would break.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。 虚拟语气的其他用法 用在主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），常用在It is（was)important (suggested,requested.)that.句型中 It is important that we should speak politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。 用在宾语从句，一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句，另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句 “must have done” 表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测
11、三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如： The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。 The Party asked that we s
12、hould serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。1.I cant find the key to my office, I _ have lost it on my way home.A. would B. should C. must D. ought to2.If I _ that your business was growing so rapidly, I wouldnt have been worried about it.A. Know B.knew C.had known D.have known3
13、.If I hadnt attended an important meeting yesterday, I _ to see you.A. will have come B.would have come C.have come D. had come4. If you had enough money， what _？ A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought 5. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _， sh
14、e would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 1.The doctor recommended that Mary (start)_ the health program as soon as possible2.If the engineer (come) _here yesterday, the problem would have been solved.3. We demand that the tour guide (tell)_ us immediately about any cha
15、nge in the schedule.非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去形式和过去分词。分词。1.To hear your voice is so nice.听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。2.Reading books makes one wise.读书使人明智。读书使人明智。3.This is a book written by Balzac.这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。 It is quite difficult for me (decide)_ who should be given the j
16、ob. 带to的不定式作主语时。常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important, easy, difficult, hard, good ,bad, right 等。 Advances in medical technology have made it possible for people (live)_ longer. Its + adj for sb. to do sth.固定搭配固定搭配1. No reader is allowed (take) _any reference book out of the reading-room.2. I want (point out) _ that a decision about the matter must be made at once.3. If your credit is good, you will be allowed (use)_ the credit card.4.Advances in medical technology have made it possible for people (live
