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1、Photometry System Calibration光度测定系统标准2Photometry光度测量What is photometry?什么是光度测量Photometry is the measurement of light.光度测定是用来测量光If you cannot measure what you produce, you will not be in business for long.如果你不能测量你自己的产品,那么你不会有长久的买卖3Electromagnetic Spectrum电磁波频谱4Radiation辐射 Light is the portion of the
2、Electromagnetic Spectrum that can excite the retina and produce a visual sensation. 光是电磁波频谱的一部分,它能刺激视网膜产生视觉 Visible Light可见光 380 to 800 nm UltraViolet Radiation紫外辐射 UV-C - 200 to 260 nm UV-B - 260 to 320 nm UV-A - 320 to 400 nm长波紫外线 InfraRed Radiation红外辐射 800 to 3600 nm5Relative Eye Sensitivities眼睛相
3、对的灵敏度Scotopic Eye Sensitivity Curve暗视觉灵敏度曲线Photopic Eye Sensitivity Curve适光6Integrating Spheres Why use them?积分球 In practice, luminous flux is measured using an integrating sphere. 习惯上积分球用来测量光通量 The spheres are coated with a highly diffuse, reflective and spectrally flat coating. 球面上覆盖有一层高反射物质 The a
4、dvantage of a sphere is that the light from the test source is “integrated” via multiple reflections such that the reflected light striking any point on the sphere wall is proportional to the luminous flux emitted by the lamp. 球的优势是测试源的光是”完整的”,经过多次反射,反射光照到球面内任何一个点上的灯发出的光通量是均衡的System Design系统设计Test L
5、amp测试灯Baffle挡片Detector探头Baffle挡片AuxiliaryLamp辅助灯Power System8Sphere Design球设计 Detector to measure the light output. 探头测量光的输出 Baffle to block the direct light from the lamp from the detector 档片阻挡从灯管直接到探头的光 We are interested in the integrated reflected light in the sphere not direct light (Illuminance
6、). 我们要测定的是在球内完整的反射光而不是直接照射光 Auxiliary Lamp and baffle to monitor the sphere calibrations. 辅助灯和挡片是监控球的标准9Sphere Photometer球面光度计10Sphere Theory球原理E = I/r2E=Illuminance照度I=Luminous Intensity发光强度11E = I/AE=IlluminanceI=Luminous Intensity LINE 1 HAS ONE REFLECTION直线1有一个反射E1 = r/ASphere Theory11222E = I/A
7、LINE 2 HAS TWO REFLECTIONSE2 = rr/ASphere Theory112223333E = I/ALINE 3 HAS THREE REFLECTIONSE3 = rrr/ASphere TheoryETOTAL = I/r2 + r/A + rr/A + rrr/A+ . . .ETOTAL = I/r2 + r/A + r2/A + r3/A+ .ETOTAL = I/r2 + /A S (r + r2 + r3 + . . .)ETOTAL = I/r2 + r A (1-r)Sphere TheoryETOTAL = r After Baffle Inse
8、rtion to Block Direct A (1-r)The detector signal is proportional to luminous flux!探测到的信号与光通量成比例15Basic Photometry Systems16 Units: Lumens 1 lm is 1 “light Watt”. 单位:Lumens-1lm是1”光瓦” Eye sensitivity corrected power. Definition: The time rate of flow of radiant energy (radiant power) as weighted by th
9、e photopic spectral sensitivity of the eye. 定义:光源在单位时间内所发出的光量,其中可产生视觉者 If a uniform point light source of 1 cd luminous intensity is positioned at the center of a sphere of 1-m radius, every area of 1 m2 on the inside of the sphere will receive a luminous flux of 1 lm. 如果在一个半径为1m的球内的中心位置有一个光强度为1cd的均
10、匀点光源,在1 m2 内表面接收到的光通量是1lm.Luminous Flux ()光通量17Determined by Equation:方程式 P() is the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the light source in W/nm P()是光源的光谱能量分布W/nm V() is the photopic spectral sensitivity of the eye used here as a “weighting factor” V()是眼睛产生的视觉-”权重因数” This is the fundamental photom
11、etric equation 这是光度的基本方程 k = 683 lm/W Luminous Flux ()18F32T8TL850 Spectra0.00E+005.00E-021.00E-011.50E-012.00E-012.50E-013.00E-013.50E-01360410460510560610660710760Wavelength (nm)Spectral Power (arbitrary units)00.20.40.60.811.2Relative power that the eye sees00.050.10.150.20.250.336041046051056061
12、0660710760Wavelength (nm)Spectral Power (arbitrary units)P() = lamp power spectra灯能量范围V() = eye sensitivity curve视觉灵敏曲线P()*V() = effective power spectra the eye sees可见功率范围You can think of the eye as a detector with a response curve V()眼睛就象是V()曲线所反应Photometry System Calibration19Photometry System Cal
13、ibration光度系统标准 Why calibrate?为什么用标准？ Proper calibration links Philips measurements to Standard International Unitsoptical watt and lumen. 飞利蒲测量单位是以国际单位为标准-瓦特和流明 US Federal Trade Commission requires that ratings in catalogues, in advertising, etc be based in actual measurements. 美国商务委员会要求刊登在目录、广告等要基于
14、实物测量 Many customers request certification to ANSI, CSA, or other standards. Photometric measurements are a part of many certifications. 许多顾客要求有ANSI, CSA或者其它标准的认证。光度测量也是这些标准中的一部分。Governmental contracts (state and national) many times require certification.政府合同大多数要求有证明 Philips Lighting is in the busin
15、ess of providing light and lighting solutions, NOT selling “light bulbs”. We must be able to measure what we sell. 飞利蒲照明是供应灯和照明方案，不出售“电灯泡”。我们必须有能力测试我们所卖的。Luminous flux, color, CRI, Lifetime, etc is what we sell and how we differentiate ourselves from others.我们出售的产品的光通量、色温、CRI、寿命等，如何与其它公司区别20Photomet
16、ry System Calibration Why calibrate? Without good measurements, we cannot: 没有好的测量法，我们没有好的测量法，我们不能不能：Determine our quality.决定我们的质量Judge the effectiveness of improvements or product cost reductions.判定效力的提升或者生产成本减少Properly analyze customer complaints.完整的分析顾客抱怨Effectively bench mark the competition.有效的竞争基点Provide good data for court cases.提供对案例有益的资料Rebut competition claims and misinformation.反驳竞争要求和误传Support sales.支持销售21Fundamental Calibration Equation标准方程的基本原理 Calibrations are typically performed b
