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1、Chapter Seven The Central BankThe Sketch of Chapter SevenOverview of Central banksEmergence & development of central banksTypes of central banksStructure & position of central banksSingle central bank systemCompound central bank systemMultinational central bank systemQuasi-central bank systemStructu
2、re of central banksPosition of central banksCentral banks Function& BusinessesCentral banks positionThe issuing bankThe bankers bankThe governments banksCentral banks businessesAssetsLiabilities Intermediate businessesLoans and discounts Government borrowing &treasury securities Foreign exchange & g
3、old reserveFunds in floatNote issuance Required and excess reserves Deposits of govern. & institutions Deferred paymentFinancial SupervisionBy Central BanksObjectives & principals Techniques and contents Of financial supervisionOf financial supervision TechniquesContents On-site examinationOff-site
4、surveillanceEntry of financial institutionsOperation of financial institutionsExit of financial isntitutionsS.1. Overview of Central Banks 1.1. Emergence & development of central banks1.2. The types of central banks 1, The single central bank system Centralized one Multiple one2, Compound central ba
5、nk system3, Multinational central bank system4,Quasi-central bank systemS.1. Overview of Central Banks 1.3. The structure and position of central banks 1, The structure of central banks of policy-making 1) The structure of power of enforcement supervision 2) The internal structure of central banks 3
6、) The branch structure of central banks 2, The position of central banksS.2.The Central Banks Functions and Businesses 2.1. The essence of central banks 1. A central bank is the financial institution that regulate financial sector.It can gain profit in its operation and businesses, but it is not a p
7、rofit-seeker. 2.A central bank has the nature of government administrative organs.It represents the national government in formulating and carrying out a unified monetary policy, regulating and supervising financial activities of the whole nation.S.2.The Central Banks Functions and Businesses 2.2. T
8、he central banks functions 1, Issuing bank 2, Bankers bank 1) To amass reserves through reserve requirement . 2) To be the lender of last resort 3) To organize national check clearance and collection. 3, Governments bank 1) To be the fiscal agent. 2) To provide national governments with credit suppo
9、rt. 3) To safekeep and manage national foreign exchange and gold reserve. 4) To formulate financial regulations and supervise their implementation. 5) To represent national government in international financial activities.S.2.The Central Banks Functions and Businesses 2.3. The central banks business
10、es Assets Liabilities1)Discounts and loans2)Government borrowing and treasury securities3)Foreign exchange and gold reserve4)Other assets1)Currency issuing Currency in circulation Vault cash of commercial banks and other financial institutions2)The deposits of commercial banks and other financial in
11、stitutions3)The deposits of government and public organizations 4)Other liabilities and capital items Total amount Total amountS.2.The Central Banks Functions and Businesses 2.3. The central banks businesses 1,Assets 1) Loans and discounts. The item shows a central banks lending to commercial banks
12、and other financial institutions. 2)Government borrowing and treasury securities. The item shows a central banks lending to its national government. 3)Foreign exchange and gold reserve. Through the business a national government regulates bank credit , money supply, interest rates, exchange rates an
13、d other financial variables.4)Otlher assets S.2.The Central Banks Functions and Businesses 2.3. The central banks businesses2, Liabilities 1)Currency issuing Its a central banks most important source of fund and provides the basis for its economic regulation. 2)Deposits from commercial banks and oth
14、er financial institutions. A central bank amasses reserves which is the largest amount of a central banks deposits and provides the basis for a central bank to serves as the lender of last resort and implement monetary policy. 3) Deposits from government and public organizations This item shows a ce
15、ntral banks function as the fiscal agent . 4) Other liabilities and capital. It includes the deposits from foreign central banks and other financial institutions. As for the capital there are mainly two models: one is owned totally by a national government and the other type is that a central bank i
16、s a share-holding one .S.2.The Central Banks Functions and Businesses 2.3. The central banks businesses3,Intermediary business Clearing is the major intermediary business for a central bank. 1) Note exchange. 2) Funds transferring S.3. Financial Supervision by the Central Bank 3.1.The objectives and principles of financial system 1, The objectives of financial supervision 1) To maintain stability and safety of financial system 2) To protect depositors interest and minimize the losses 3) To creat
