《我们共同的未来-联合国报告.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《我们共同的未来-联合国报告.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在第壹文秘上搜索。
1、UNDocumentsGatheringaBodyofGlobalAgreementsHomeISustainableDevelopmentEducationWaterCultureOfPeaceHumanRightsKeywordsSearchOurCommonFuture,FromOneEarthtoOneWorldFromA/42/427.OurCommonFuture:ReportoftheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentAnOverviewbytheWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment
2、TheGlobalChallengeSuccessesandfailuresTheInterlockingCrisesSustainableDevelopmentTheInstitutionalGapsThePolicyDirectionsPopulationandHumanResources2 .FoodSecurity:SustainingthePotential3 .SpeciesandEsystems:ResourcesforDevelopment4 .Energy:ChoicesforEnvironmentandDevelopment5 .Industry:ProducingMore
3、withLess6.TheUrbanChallengeIII.InternationalCperationandInstitutionalReform1.TheRoleoftheInternationalEnomy2 .ManagingtheCommons3 Peace,Security,Development,andtheEnvironment4 .InstitutionalandLegalChange4.1 GettingattheSources4.2 DealingwiththeEffects4.3 AssessingGlobalRisks4.4 .4MakingInformedChoi
4、ces4.5 ProvidingtheLegalMeans4.6 InvestinginourFutureIV.ACallforAction1. Inthemiddleofthe20thcentury,wesawourplanetfromspaceforthefirsttime.HistoriansmayeventuallyfindthatthisvisionhadagreaterimpactonthoughtthandidtheCopernicanrevolutionofthe16thcentury,whichupsetthehumanself-imagebyrevealingthatthe
5、Earthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse.Fromspace,weseeasmallandfragileballdominatednotbyhumanactivityandedificebutbyapatternofclouds,oceans,greenery,andsoils.Humanitysinabilitytofititsactivitiesintothatpatternischangingplanetarysystems,fundamentally.Manysuchchangesareaccompaniedbylife-threateninghazards.T
6、hisnewreality,fromwhichthereisnoescape,mustberecognized-andmanaged.2. Fortunately,thisnewrealitycoincideswithmorepositivedevelopmentsnewtothiscentury.Wecanmoveinformationandgoodsfasteraroundtheglobethaneverbefore;wecanproducemorefoodandmoregoodswithlessinvestmentofresources;ourtechnologyandsciencegi
7、vesusatleast,thepotentialtolookdeeperintoandbetterunderstandnaturalsystems.Fromspace,WecanseeandstudytheEarthasanorganismwhosehealthdependsonthehealthofalitsparts.Wehavethepowertoreconcilehumanaffairswithnaturallawsandtothriveintheprocess.Inthisourculturalandspiritualheritagescanreinforceoureconomic
8、interestsandsurvivalimperatives.3. ThisCommissionbelievesthatpeoplecanbuildafuturethatismoreprosperous,morejust,andmoresecure.Ourreport,OurCommonFuture,isnotapredictionofeverincreasingenvironmentaldecay,poverty,andhardshipinanevermorepollutedworldamongeverdecreasingresources.Weseeinsteadthepossibili
9、tyforaneweraofeconomicgrowth,onethatmustbebasedonpoliciesthatsustainandexpandtheenvironmentalresourcebase.Andwebelievesuchgrowthtobeabsolutelyessentialtorelievethegreatpovertythatisdeepeninginmuchofthedevelopingworld.4. ButtheCommissionshopeforthefutureisconditionalondecisivepoliticalactionnowtobegi
10、nmanagingenvironmentalresourcestoensurebothsustainablehumanprogressandhumansurvival.Wearenotforecastingafuture;Weareservinganotice-anurgentnoticebasedonthelatestandbestscientificevidence-thatthetimehascometotakethedecisionsneededtosecuretheresourcestosustainthisandcominggenerations.Wedonotofferadeta
11、iledblueprintforaction,butinsteadapathwaybywhichthepeoplesoftheworldmayenlargetheirspheresofcooperation.I.TheGlobalChallenge1. Successesandfailures5. Thoselookingforsuccessandsignsofhopecanfindmany:infantmortalityisfalling;humanlifeexpectancyisincreasing;theproportionoftheworldsadultswhocanreadandwr
12、iteisclimbing;theproportionofchildrenstartingschoolisrising;andglobalfoodproductionincreasesfasterthanthepopulationgrows.6. Butthesameprocessesthathaveproducedthesegainshavegivenrisetotrendsthattheplanetanditspeoplecannotlongbear.Thesehavetraditionallybeendividedintofailuresofdevelopment*andfailures
13、inthemanagementofourhumanendronment.Onthedevelopmentside,intermsofabsolutenumberstherearemorehungrypeopleintheworldthaneverbefore,andtheirnumbersareincreasing.Soarethenumberswhocannotreadorwrite,thenumberswithoutsafewaterorsafeandsoundhomes,andthenumbersshortofwoodfuelwithwhichtocookandwarmthemselve
14、s.Thegapbetweenrichandpoornationsiswidening-notshrinking-andthereislittleprospect,givenpresenttrendsandinstitutionalarrangements,thatthisprocesswillbereversed.7. Therearealsoenvironmentaltrendsthatthreatentoradicallyaltertheplanet,thatthreatenthelivesofmanyspeciesuponit.includingthehumanspecies.Each
15、yearanother6millionhectaresofproductivedrylandturnsintoworthlessdesert.Overthreedecades,thiswouldamounttoanarearoughlyaslargeasSaudiArabia.Morethan11millionhectaresofforestsaredestroyedyearly,andthis,overthreedecades,wouldequalanareaaboutthesizeofIndia.Muchofthisforestisconvertedtolow-gradefarmlandu
16、nabletosupportthefarmerswhosettleit.InEurope,acidprecipitationkillsforestsandlakesanddamagestheartisticandarchitecturalheritageofnations;itmayhaveacidifiedvasttractsofsoilbeyondreasonablehopeofrepair.Theburningoffossilfuelsputsintotheatmospherecarbondioxide,whichiscausinggradualglobalwarming.Thisgreenhouseeffect*maybyearlynextcenturyhaveincreasedaverageglobaltemperaturesenoughtoshift
