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1、钻井新技术钻井新技术l水平井钻井技术（水平井钻井技术（Horizontal well Drilling)旋转导向钻井、地质导向钻井技术旋转导向钻井、地质导向钻井技术l分枝井钻井技术（分枝井钻井技术（Multilaberal well Drilling）l欠平衡钻井技术欠平衡钻井技术(Underbalanced Drilling)l套管钻井技术套管钻井技术l连续油管的应用连续油管的应用(Coiled tubing Tech.)l保护油气层的钻井完井技术保护油气层的钻井完井技术l深井复杂井钻井技术深井复杂井钻井技术水平井的分类水平井的分类l长半径水平井长半径水平井水平井的分类水平井的分类l中半径水
2、平井中半径水平井水平井的分类水平井的分类l短半径水平井短半径水平井水平井的用途水平井的用途l开发低渗透油气藏开发低渗透油气藏增加泄油长度增加泄油长度增大传导率增大传导率通过水平井穿透低渗透储层中的天然裂缝，亦可对通过水平井穿透低渗透储层中的天然裂缝，亦可对水平井进行增产处理，可显著提高油气采收率水平井进行增产处理，可显著提高油气采收率水平井的用途水平井的用途l提高聚合物驱油效果提高聚合物驱油效果水平井能大大提高注入能力和区域扫油效率，尤其对水平井能大大提高注入能力和区域扫油效率，尤其对聚合物和活性剂的注入很有效。聚合物和活性剂的注入很有效。水平井钻井技术水平井钻井技术大位移井钻井技术大位移井钻
3、井技术主要内容主要内容l大位移井的基本概念大位移井的基本概念l大位移井在国内外的应用情况大位移井在国内外的应用情况l大位移井的关键技术大位移井的关键技术大位移井的定义大位移井的定义Designer Well大位移井的应用范围大位移井的应用范围Wytch farm,Southern England大位移井的应用范围大位移井的应用范围l世界上水平位移最长的井世界上水平位移最长的井M11,水平位移水平位移10114，垂深，垂深1585.2m，测深，测深10658mlKop:232m大位移井的应用大位移井的应用l几个油田两种开发方案对比几个油田两种开发方案对比大位移井在国内外的应用大位移井在国内外的应
4、用l数据截至到数据截至到1997年年l最大水平位移超最大水平位移超过过10kml主要分布于英国主要分布于英国的的Wytch farm油田和挪威的北油田和挪威的北海油田海油田大位移井在国内油田的应用大位移井在国内油田的应用大位移井技术应用大位移井技术应用常规技术常规技术先进技术先进技术l随着水平位移与垂深比的增加，大位移的施工随着水平位移与垂深比的增加，大位移的施工难度也逐渐增加，但随着技术的进步，大位移难度也逐渐增加，但随着技术的进步，大位移井水平位移的极限不断被打破。井水平位移的极限不断被打破。钻大位移井的设备钻大位移井的设备大位移井面临的理论问题大位移井面临的理论问题大位移井的关键技术大位
5、移井的关键技术大位移井的关键技术（续）大位移井的关键技术（续）大位移井轨迹控制大位移井轨迹控制大位移井轨迹控制大位移井轨迹控制l螺杆螺杆高扭矩高扭矩大位移井轨迹控制大位移井轨迹控制l滑动钻进面临的主要问题滑动钻进面临的主要问题大位移井轨迹控制大位移井轨迹控制l旋转导向钻进提高钻速旋转导向钻进提高钻速闭环轨迹控制工具闭环轨迹控制工具闭环轨迹控制工具闭环轨迹控制工具结构、原理结构、原理第三代改进第三代改进工作性能及特点工作性能及特点强化地质及工程测量强化地质及工程测量应用实例应用实例DOWN LOAD DATAlThe AutoTrak l lThe AutoTrak RCLS can steer
6、 in any desired direction as the drill string rotates.l This increases rates of penetration,reduces torque and drag,and improves well bore quality.lThe tool downhole guidance system automatically keeps the hole on the programmed course.Well trajectory changes are communicated to the tool from surfac
7、e using mud pulse telemetryl This process,known as downlinking,assures accurate well positioning while optimizing overall drilling performance.lThe AutoTrak RCLS combines the benefits of a new steerable Rotary Closed Loop drilling System(RCLS)with recent advances in MWD technology.l The system inclu
8、des multiple propagation Resistivity()MPR,dual azimuthal gamma ray,directional and near bit inclination measurements.So AutoTrak RCLS can achieve superior directional control and precise wellbore placement to meet both geologic and geometric objectives.HOW AUTOTRAK WORKSlPistons operated by high pre
9、ssure hydraulic fluid exert controlled lAutoTrak RCLS internal micro-processing system calculates how much pressure has to be applied to each piston to obtain the desired toolface orientation.lThe resulting force vector directs the assembly along the desired trajectory.l In determining the magnitude
10、 of the force applied to the steering ribs,the system also takes into account the dogleg limits for the current hole selection.Non-Rotating Steerable Stabilizerl The bit drive shaft rotates through the non-rotating,steerable stabilizer sleeve,which is decoupled from drillstring rotation.lThe stabili
11、zer sleeve contains the near-bit inclinometer,the steering control electronics,and the hydraulic rib control valves.CASE HISTORIES l BP Foinaven W41-West of Shetland,UK l Harding A-25-North Sea,UK l Harding Field IC4-North Sea,UK l Harding Field IC5-North Sea,UK l Harding Field PNE-1-North Sea,UK l
12、Mahogany MA12B02-Trinidad,Caribbean l Miller Well A23-North Sea,UK l Mirren Well 22/25b-7-North Sea,UK l 204/20 C16-Schiehallion,UK l 204/20-C17-Schiehallion,UK l Transocean 204/20 C13-Schiehallion,UK l Valhall F9A-Norway l Valhall Hole Enlargement-Norway CASE HISTORIESlBritannia Field 15/30-M9 Nort
13、h Sea,UK l CACT Consortium(CNOOC/Agip/Chevron/Texaco)HZ21-1-7-T6-China lBritannia Operator Limited HZ32-2-9-China lChevronTexaco l Green Canyon Deepwater,Gulf of Mexico l Gulf of Mexico l North Platform,Alba North,UK l North Platform,Well A36,Alba North,UK l North Platform,Well A37,Alba North,UK l N
14、orth Platform,Well A38,Alba North,UK l North Platform,Well A41,Alba North,UK l SL 340-Blanche Bay,Gulf of Mexico CASE HISTORIESl SL 340-Blanche Bay,Gulf of Mexico l Conoco l 15/23B-13-Kappa,UK l 15/24B-W6-MacCulloch,UK l 15/24B-W6-MacCulloch,UK l CNOOC l SZ36-1-CF-1-China,Bohail Enterprise l Bijupir
15、a Field-BJ-Q,Brazil l Bijupira Field-BJ-T,Brazil l Bijupira Field-BJ-T Main,Brazil l Bijupira Field-BJ-Ux,Brazill Precise Well Placement With Rotary Steerable Systems and Logging-While-Drilling Measurements（Geosteering tool）摩阻扭矩分析的力学模型摩阻扭矩分析的力学模型刚杆模型刚杆模型软杆模型软杆模型钻柱的屈曲分析钻柱的屈曲分析摩擦系数的确定摩擦系数的确定分枝井钻井技术分枝井
16、钻井技术钻井新技术钻井新技术l欠平衡钻井技术欠平衡钻井技术(Underbalanced Drilling)定义：指钻井过程井内压力小于地层压力定义：指钻井过程井内压力小于地层压力一定值的钻井过程一定值的钻井过程设备：旋转防喷器、井内流体的地面多级设备：旋转防喷器、井内流体的地面多级分离器、惰性气体发生器分离器、惰性气体发生器基本理论：多相流理论基本理论：多相流理论优点：优点：l适合于在异常低压地区钻井适合于在异常低压地区钻井l及时发现和保护油气层及时发现和保护油气层l提高机械钻速，降低钻井成本提高机械钻速，降低钻井成本套管钻井技术套管钻井技术钻井新技术钻井新技术l连续油管的应用连续油管的应用(Coiled tubing Tech.)应用：应用：l钻井钻井l完井完井l修井修井理论：理论：l流体力学分析流体力学分析l疲劳寿命估计疲劳寿命估计Coiled Tubing(reeled tubing)Coiled Tubing(reeled tubing)Coiled Tubing(reeled tubing)lApplicationsThrough-tubing re-entry Conven
