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1、rEquityPortfolioManagement/CFA货漂笺亩笛VBobHong2厘纱X十5%Prbe彗Uy2-211.BuildingBlocksUsedinPortfolioConstruction行业&新NI1I.BuildingBlocksUsedinPortfolioConstructionThethreemainbuildingblocksofportfolioconstructionare:Factorweightings.Alphaskills.Positionsizing.Thesethreebuildingblocksareintegratedintoasuccess
2、fulportfolioconstructionprocessthroughafourthcomponent:breadthofexpertiseBuildingBlocksUsedinPortfolioConstructionFirstBuildingBlock:Overweight/UnderweightRewardedFactorsThisrelatestothemanagertakingexposurestorewardedrisksthatdifferfromthoseofthebenchmark.Thiscanbethoughtofasactivereturnduetodiffer
3、encesinbeta.Withexposurestorewardedfactorsincreasinglyaccessibleviarules-basedindexproducts,simplestaticexposuretorewardedfactorsisnoIongerwidelyconsideredasourceofalpha.Irrespectiveofthemanagersapproach,whethertheyexplicitlytargetfactorexposuresortargetindividualsecurities,theirperformancecaninpart
4、beattributedtosensitivitytothesebetafactors.Thisbuildingblockrelatesprimarilytoactivereturnsourcenumberone:differencesinexposurestolong-termrewardedfactors.4-21MH巨亚盅新ten_BuildingBlocksUsedinPortfolioConstmcxionSecondBuildingBlock:AlphaSkillsAlphaskillsareexcessreturnsrelatedtotheuniqueskillsandstrat
5、egiesofthemanager.Amanagercangeneratealphathroughfactortiming,whichisskillinidentifyingwhenafactormightoutperform/underperformitsaveragereturn.Thiscouldapplytoarewardedfactor,butitcouldalsoapplytounrewardedfactors,suchascorrectlytiminggeographicalorindustrysectorexposures,commodityprices,orevensecur
6、ityselection(adiscretionarymanagermightrefertotheseasthematicexposures).5-21Thisbuildingblockrelatesprimarilytoactivereturnsourcenumbertwo:identifyingmispricings.M亚&新mu_BuildingBlocksUsedinPortfolioConslSct!oTl1ThirdBuildingBlock:SizingPositionsPositionsizingbalancesmanagersconfidenceintheiralphaand
7、factorinsightswhilemitigatingidiosyncraticriskscomingfromconcentratedpositions.Positionsizingwillaffectallthreesourcesofactiverisk,butthemostdramaticimpactwillbeonid沁SynCratiCrisk.Thegeneralruleisthatsmallerpositionsinagreaternumberofsecuritieswilldiversifyawayidiosyncraticriskandleadtolowerportfoli
8、ovolatility.Afactor-orientatedmanagerwhospreadstheirportfolioacrossmanyassetsislikelytominimizetheimpactofidiosyncraticrisk.Astock-pickerislikelytoholdmoreconcentratedpositionsbasedontheirinsightsintoindividualsecurities,andhence,deliberatelyassumeahigherdegreeofidiosyncraticrisk.7-212.ActiveSharean
9、dActiveRisk写亚自新tin.ActiveShareandActiveRiskActiveSharemeasuresthedegreetowhichthenumberandsizingofthepositionsinamanagersportfolioaredifferentfromthoseofabenchmark,andisgivenbythefollowingequation:ActivShare=WeightPOrtfOliOj-VeightTenchmarklIActiveSharetakesavaluebetweenOand1.IfaportfoliohasanActive
10、Shareof0.5,wecanconcludethat50%oftheportfolioisidenticaltothatofthebenchmarkand50%isnot.Iftwoportfolioswiththesamebenchmarkinvestonlyinbenchmarksecurities,theportfoliowiththefewersecuritiesandthereforehigherdegreeofconcentrationinpositionswillhaveahigherlevelofActiveShare.HH雪业&1111.ActiveShareandAct
11、iveRiskActiverisk,alsocalledtrackingerror,isthestandarddeviationofactivereturns(portfolioreturnsminusbenchmarkreturns).Asanequation:Researchconclusionsonthecompositionofactivereturninclude:Highnetexposuretoariskfactorleadstohighlevelofactiverisk.Aportfoliowithnonetfactorexposurewillhaveactiveriskatt
12、ributedentirelytoActiveShare.ActiveriskattributabletoActiveShareisinverselyproportionaltothenumberofsecuritiesintheportfolio.Activeriskincreasesasfactorandidiosyncraticrisklevelsincrease.921HHM目欢鼻新m僵.ActiveShareandActiveRiskInvestmentStyleDescriptionActiveShareandActiveRiskPureindexingNoactivepositi
13、ons:portfolioisequaltothebenchmarkZeroActiveShareandzeroactiveriskFactorneutralNoactivefactorbetsidiosyncraticrisklowifdiversifiedLowactiveriskActiveSharelowifdiversifiedFactordiversifiedBalancedexposuretoriskfactorsandminimizedidiosyncraticriskthroughhighnumberofsecuritiesinportfolioReasonablylowac
14、tiveriskhighActiveSharefromlargeamountofsecuritiesusedthatareunlikelytobeinthebenchmarkConcentratedfactorbetsTargetedfactorbetsidiosyncraticrisklikelytobehighHighActiveShareandhighactiveriskConcentratedstockpickerTargetedindividualstockbetsHighestActiveShareandhighestactiverisk巨业&IWitillActiveSharea
15、ndActiveRiskInvestmentStylesrActiveShare,andActiveRiskHighQuUVlactor Neutral and 6、CrSifIcd Slk PicksDhrcnifiedFaCtor BctsConcentratedConcentrated Stock Picks Factor BetsClosetIndexing*HighPureIndexing11-21ActiveRiykM亚色新！B1|_ActiveShareandActiveRiskManagerstylescanalsobeidentifiedthroughobservingtheirsectorandsecurityspecificconstraints.Forexample:Asectorrotatorwouldneedtohavelargepermitteddeviationsinsectorweights;Astockpickerwoul
