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1、美国名人画家温斯洛霍默WinslowHomer:AmericasPainterplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:14repeatByMarioRitter2006-3-4(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleInAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutWinslowHomerzconsideredtobethegreatestAmericanartistofthenineteenthcentury.Homercreatedpicture
2、sthatshowedtherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.Thestrong,clearimageshedrewandpaintedmatchedthewild,developingandproudUnitedStatesofthelateeighteenhundreds.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WinslowHomerwasthesecondofthreesonsofHenriettaBensonandCharlesSavageHomer.HewasborninBoston,Massachusettsineighteenthirty-sixan
3、dgrewupinCambridge.Hisfatherwasanimporteroftoolsandothergoods.Hismotherwasapainter.Winslowgothisinterestindrawingandpaintingfromhismother.Buthisfatheralsosupportedhissonsinterest.Once,onabusinesstriptoLondon,CharlesHomerboughtasetofdrawingexamplesforhissontocopy.YoungWinslowusedthesetodevelophisearl
4、yskill.VOICETWO:WinslowsolderbrotherCharleswenttoHarvardUniversityinCambridge.ThefamilyexpectedWinslowwouldgo,too.But,atthetime,Harvarddidnotteachart.SoWinslowsfatherfoundhimajobasanassistantinthetradeofmakingandpreparingpicturesforprintedmedia.Atagenineteen,Winslowlearnedtheprocessoflithography.Thi
5、sworkwastheonlyformaltrainingthatWinsloweverreceivedinart.VOICEONE:Winslowdidthisworkforabouttwoyears.Thentheyoungmandecidedtobecomeanindependentillustrator,someonewhomakesdrawingsandpicturesforaliving.HeworkedinBostonforafewyears,drawingillustrationsforstoriesinseveralnewspapers.Healsodidworkforama
6、gazinethatwasdifferentfromanyotherofthetime.HarpersWeekly,inNewYorkCity,neededgoodillustrationsandhadlotsofspaceforthem.TheyoungWinslowbegantoestablishhimselfasanartistindemand.VOICETWO:Ineighteenfifty-nine,WinslowHomermovedtoNewYorkCitytoworkforHarpersWeekly.Homeralsostartedtopaintseriously.Hehoped
7、togotoEuropetostudypainting.But,somethingwouldintervenethatwouldchangethedirectionofWinslowHomersartisticwork.HarpersmagazinewouldsendhimtodrawpicturesofthebiggesteventinAmericanhistorysinceindependence.ItwastheCivilWarbetweentheUnionandtherebelsouthernstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WinslowHomerwenttoWashin
8、gton,D.C.,ineighteensixty-one.HedrewpicturesofthecampaignofUnionArmyGeneralGeorgeMcClellanthenextyear.Hispicturesofthewarshowedthemanywaysthatconflictsaffectpeople.Inoneillustration,heshowedUnionsoldiersonhorsesadvancingheroically.TheSouthernConfederatesoldiersareshownforcedunderthefeetofthehorses,w
9、hilethehorsemenholdtheirswordshigh.TheillustrationiscalledTheWarfortheUnion,EighteenSixty-Two-ACavalryCharge.VOICETWO:Inanotherfamousillustration,TheArmyofthePotomac-ASharp-ShooteronPicketDutHomershowedadifferentsideofwar.Asoldiersittinginatreeisholdingarifle.Heisaimingatatargetfarinthedistance.Many
10、criticssaythepictureshowsthecold,mechanicalnatureofwarfare,bringingdeathtotheunsuspecting.WinslowHomeralsomadeafamouspaintingcalledHome,SweetHome.Itshowstwosoldierslisteningtomusicplayedbymilitarymusicians.ThiswascommonduringtheCivilWar.Attheendoftheday,musiciansonbothsideswouldplaytoraisethespirits
11、ofsoldiers.OftentheywouldplaythesongHome,SweetHome.HomerpaintedtwoUnionsoldierspreparingameal.Themusiciansareinthedistance.Thetwosoldiersappeartobestoppedinthemiddleoftheirpreparationsbythoughtsofhomeandfamily.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CriticswidelypraisedHomersworkduringtheCivilWar.Hisworkgainedhimmembership
12、inwhatisnowcalledtheNationalAcademy.Onepainting,PrisonersfromtheFront,waschosentorepresenttheUnitedStatesattheExpositionUniverselle.ThiseventwasheldinParis,Franceineighteensixty-six.HomerwenttoEuropeforthefirsttime.However,littleisknownabouthisstayinEurope.VOICETWO:ThenextmajorchangeinWinslowHomersl
13、ifewasadecisiontoworkinanewmedium.Untilnow,Homerhadusedoil-basedpaints.Colorfulsubstancesaremixedwithoil.Thesethickpaintscanbespreadinlayers,oneoveranother,toproduceinterestingeffectsoflightandcolor.Oilpaintsareusuallyputoncanvascloth.Mostpeopleconsideroilpaintingseriouspainting.Butinthesummerofeigh
14、teenseventy-three,Homerbeganusingwatercolorpaint.VOICEONE:Watercolorpaintiscolor,orpigment,dissolvedinwater.Thepaintisthin.Sometimesyoucanseethroughthepainttothepaperunderneath.Watercolorpaintcanbeusedtocolordrawingsorbyitself.Itisamuchfastermediumthanoilpainting.Butitisadifferentanddifficultskillto
15、learn.Homersdecisiontousewatercolormayhavebeenconnectedwithanothermajordecision.Twoyearsafterhestartedusingwatercolor,hestoppedillustratingformagazineslikeHarpers.Indoingso,heendedagoodwaytoearnaliving.Instead,hedecidedtomakealivingonlyfromsellinghispaintings.Hewascompletelyindependent.Justashesaidh
16、ealwayswantedtobe.VOICETWO:OneofHomersbestpaintingsfromthisperiodiscalledBreezingUp,Itwasshownforthefirsttimeineighteentherudder,whichcontrolsthedirectionoftheboat.Thetwootheryoungerboysholdonfortheride.BreezingUp*isconsideredoneofHomersfinestpaintings.Today,itispartofthepermanentcollectionoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inthelateeighteenseventies,
