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1、美国名人玛丽亚卡拉斯MariaCallasplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:28repeatByRochelleGollust2004-5-8(THEME)ANNCR:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.mFaithLapidus.Today,ShirleyGriffithandRayFreemantellaboutoneofthemostfamousoperasingersofthetwentiethcentury,MariaCallas.(MarchFromNormainsteadoftheme)VOICEONE
2、:Operaisaplaythattellsastoryinmusic.Thepeopleintheoperasing,insteadofspeak,theplayswords.Operaisoneofthemostcomplexofallartforms.Itcombinesacting,singing,music,costumes,sceneryand,sometimes,dance.Oftentherearemanycolorfulcrowdscenes.Operausesthehugepowerofmusictocommunicatefeelingsandtoexpressemotio
3、ns.Musiccanexpressemotionsveryforcefully.Somostoperacomposersbasetheirworksonverytragicstoriesofloveanddeath.Anoperaoftenshowsanger,cruelty,violence,fearorinsanity.OperahasbeenverypopularinEuropesinceitspreadthroughitduringtheseventeenthcentury.ItalsohasbecomepopularintheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:MariaC
4、allaswasoneofthebest-knownoperasingersintheworld.Duringthenineteen-fifties,shebecamefamousinternationallyforherbeautifulvoiceandintensepersonality.Therecordingsofhersingingthewellknownoperasremainverypopulartoday.MariaCallaswasborninNewYorkCityinnineteen-twenty-three.HerrealnamewasMariakalogeropoulo
5、uska-lo-yer-OH-pu-los.HerparentswereGreek.Whenshewasfourteen,sheandhermotherreturnedtoGreece.MariastudiedsingingatthenationalconservatoryinAthens.Thewell-knownoperasingerElviradeHidalgochoseMariaasherstudent.VOICEONE:Innineteen-forty-onezwhenshewasseventeen,MariaCallaswaspaidtosinginamajoroperaforth
6、efirsttime.ShesangtheleadingrolesinseveraloperasinAthensduringthenextthreeyears.Innineteen-forty-fivezCallaswasinvitedtoperforminItaly.Thiswastherealbeginningofherprofessionasanoperasinger.Sheperformedmajorpartsinseveralofthemostfamousoperas.Innineteen-forty-ninezshemarriedanItalianindustrialist,Gio
7、vanniBattistaMeneghini.Hewastwentyyearsolder.Hebecameheradviserandmanager.VOICETWO:Innineteen-fifty,MariaCallasperformedforthefirsttimeatthefamousLaScalaoperahouseinMilan,Italy.ShesanginthefamousoperaEidaeye-EE-dabyItaliancomposerGiuseppeVerdi.ShesangthepartofAida,anEthiopianslaveinancientEgypt.(MUS
8、IC)VOICEONE:Duringthenineteen-fiftiesandnineteen-sitieszMariaCallassanginaboutfortymajoroperasinthemostfamousoperahousesintheworld.Innineteen-fifty-si,sheappearedforthefirsttimeattheMetropolitanOperainNewYork.ShesangtheleadintheoperaNormabyItaliancomposerVincenzoBellini.Shewasagreatsuccess.Normazare
9、ligiousleaderintheancientcityofGaul,becameoneofhermostfamousparts.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Duringtheyears,MariaCallasoftenhadproblemswithhervoice.Criticssaidsomeofherperformanceswerenotherbest.Sometimesshehadtocancelperformances.Herrelationswiththeofficialsofmajoroperacompaniesoftenweretense.Manyharmfulstori
10、eswerewrittenaboutCallas.Thestoriessuggestedthatpeoplesheworkedwiththoughtshewasdifficult.However,manypeoplewhoworkedmostcloselywithherdeniedthis.Whenshewasnotsinginginoperas,Callaswasmakingrecordings.Shemademorerecordingsthananyothersingerofhertime.Innineteen-fifty-ninezhermarriagetoMisterMeneghini
11、ended.MariaCallasbecametheloverofarichGreekbusinessman,AristotleOnassis.Callassufferedmoreproblemswithhervoice.Soshesangless.Innineteen-sity-fivezshesangintheoperaToscabyItaliancomposerGiacomoPuccini.ShewasFloriazanItaliansinger.Itwasapartshehadsungmanytimes.Itwasthelasttimesheappearedinanopera.(MUS
12、IC)VOICETWO:Nowthatshewasnolongersinging,CallaswantedtomarryAristotleOnassisandhaveachild.However,innineteen-sixty-eightzOnassissuddenlysaidthathewasleavingher.HehaddecidedtomarryJacquelineKennedy,thewidowofthemurderedAmericanpresident,JohnKennedy.Threeyearslater,Callasdecidedtoteachyoungoperasinger
13、s.Intheearlynineteen-seventieszshetaughttwelveclassesattheJuilliardSchoolinNewYork.Partsoftheseclasseswerereleasedasrecords.TerrenceMcNallywroteaplayaboutMariaCallasandheroperastudentscalledMasterClass.VOICEONE:MariaCallassanginmanycitiesinEurope,theUnitedStatesandEastAsiainnineteenseventy-threeands
14、eventy-four.SheperformedwithoperasingerGiuseppediStefano.Criticssaidshewasnotabletosingaswellasshehadwhenshewasyounger.ItisnotknownifCallasstroubleswerecausedbyaphysicalproblemorbecauseshehadnotspentenoughtimetraininghervoice.MariaCallasdiedofaheartattackinherhomeinParisinnineteen-seventy-seven.Shew
15、asfifty-three.VOICETWO:ManyexpertssayMariaCallasinfluencedoperamorethananyothersingerofthetwentiethcentury.TheysayshehadthedeepestunderstandingofthetraditionalItalianopera.Herbeautifulvoiceandintensefeelingincreasedtheeffectofanopera.Oneexpertsaid:Callasseesandhearsinthegreatoperasthepoetryofmusic.O
16、therssingnotes.Shesingsmeaning.PeoplewhoheardMariaCallassingsaytheywillnotforgettheexperience.Hervoicelivesoninthemanyrecordingsshemade.SomeexpertssayMariaCallasisaspopularnowasshewaswhenshewasperformingaroundtheworld.(MUSIC)ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollustandproducedbyLawanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreeman.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericap
