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1、美国名人美国前第一夫人埃莉诺罗斯福EleanorRooseveltWastheMostInfluentialWifeofAnyAmericanPresidentplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:24repeatByShelleyGollust2005-6-25(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutthewomanwhowasthemostinfluentialwifeofanyAmer
2、icanpresident,EleanorRoosevelt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EleanorRooseveltwasthewifeofAmericasthirty-secondpresident,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.Shehelpedherhusbandinmanywaysduringhislongpoliticallife.ShealsobecameoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinAmerica.Shefoughtforequalrightsforallpeople-workers,women,poorpeople,b
3、lackpeople.Andshesoughtpeaceamongnations.AnnaEleanorRooseveltwasborninNewYorkCityinEighteeneighty-four.Eleanorsfamilyhadgreatwealthandinfluence.ButEleanordidnothaveahappychildhood.Hermotherwassickandnervous.Herfatherdidnotwork.Hedranktoomuchalcohol.Hewasnotlikehisolderbrother,TheodoreRooseveltzwhowa
4、slaterelectedpresident.WhenEleanorwaseightyearsold,hermotherdied.Twoyearslater,herfatherdied.EleanorsgrandmotherraisedtheRooseveltchildren.Eleanorrememberedthatasachild,hergreatesthappinesscamefromhelpingothers.VOICETWO:Intheearlynineteenhundreds,manypeoplewereconcernedabouttheproblemsofpoorpeoplewh
5、ocametoAmericainsearchofabetterlife.EleanorRooseveltcouldnotunderstandhowpeoplelivedinsuchpoorconditionswhilesheandothershadsomuchwealth.Aftershefinishedschool,EleanorbeganteachingchildrentoreadinoneofthepoorestareasofNewYorkCity,calledHellsKitchen.Sheinvestigatedfactorieswhereworkersweresaidtobebad
6、lytreated.Shesawlittlechildrenoffourandfive-years-oldworkinguntiltheydroppedtothefloor.Shebecameinvolvedwithotherwomenwhosharedthesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.FranklinRooseveltbeganvisitingEleanor.FranklinbelongedtoanotherpartoftheRooseveltfamily.FranklinandEleanorweremarriedinnineteen-oh
7、-five.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.VOICEONE:FranklinRooseveltbeganhislifeinpoliticsinNewYork.Hewaselectedtobeastatelegislator.Later;PresidentWoodrowWilsonappointedhimtobeassistantsecretaryoftheNavy.TheRooseveltsmovedtoWashingtoninnineteenthirteen.Itwasthere,afterthirteenyearsofmarriage,th
8、atEleanorRooseveltwentthroughoneofthehardestperiodsofherlife.Shediscoveredthatherhusbandhadfalleninlovewithanotherwoman.Shewantedtoendthemarriage.Butherhusbandurgedhertoremainhiswife.Shedid.Yetherrelationshipwithherhusbandchanged.Shedecidedshewouldnolongerplaythepartofapoliticianswife.Instead,shebeg
9、antobuildalifewithinterestsofherown.Innineteentwenty-one,FranklinRooseveltwasstruckbytheterriblediseasepolio.Hewouldneverwalkagainwithouthelp.Hispoliticallifeseemedover,buthiswifehelpedhimreturntopolitics.HewaselectedgovernorofNewYorktwotimes.VOICETWO:EleanorRooseveltlearnedaboutpoliticsandbecameinv
10、olvedinissuesandgroupsthatinterestedher.Innineteentwenty-two,shebecamepartoftheWomensTradeUnionLeague.Shealsojoinedthedebateaboutwaystostopwar.InthoseyearsafterWorldWarOne,shearguedthatAmericamustbeinvolvedintheworldtopreventanotherwar.Peaceisthequestionofthehour;sheoncetoldagroupofwomen.Womenmustwo
11、rkforpeacetokeepfromIosingtheirlovedones.ThequestionofwarandpeacewasforgottenastheUnitedStatesenteredasevereeconomicdepressioninnineteentwenty-nine.PricessuddenlydroppedontheNewYorkstockmarket.Bankslosttheirmoney.Peoplelosttheirjobs.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FranklinRooseveltwaselectedpresidentinnineteenthirt
12、y-two.HepromisedtoendtheDepressionandputAmericansbacktowork.MissusRoosevelthelpedherhusbandbyspreadinginformationabouthisneweconomicprogram.ItwascalledtheNewDeal.Shetraveledaroundthecountrygivingspeechesandvisitingareasthatneededeconomicaid.MissusRooseveltwasdifferentfromthewivesofearlierpresidents.
13、Shewasthefirsttobecomeactiveinpoliticalandsocialissues.Whileherhusbandwaspresident,MissusRooseveltheldmorethanthreehundrednewsconferencesforfemalereporters.Shewroteadailynewspapercommentary.Shewroteformanymagazines.TheseactivitieshelpedspreadherideastoallAmericansandshowedthatwomenhadimportantthings
14、tosay.VOICETWO:OneissueMissusRooseveltbecameinvolvedinwasequalrightsforblackAmericans.Shemetpubliclywithblackleaderstoheartheirproblems.FewAmericanpoliticiansdidthisduringthenineteenthirtiesandnineteenforties.OneincidentinvolvingMissusRooseveltbecameinternationalnews.Innineteenthirty-nine,anAmerican
15、singer,MarianAndersonzplannedaperformanceatConstitutionHallinWashington.Butaconservativewomensgrouprefusedtopermithertosingtherebecauseshewasblack.VOICEONE:MissusRooseveltwasamemberofthatorganization,theDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolution.Shepubliclyresignedhermembershiptoprotesttheactionofthegroup.Ano
16、pinionstudyshowedthatmostAmericansthoughtshewasright.EleanorRoosevelthelpedtheperformancetobeheldoutdoors,aroundtheLincolnMemorial.MorethanseventythousandpeopleheardMarianAndersonsing.MissusRooseveltwasalwaysconsideredoneofitsstrongestsupportersofthecivilrightsmovement.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:TheUnitedStateswasforcedtoenterWorldWarTwowhenJapaneseforcesattackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaii,inninetee
