美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx

上传人:p** 文档编号:711559 上传时间:2024-01-20 格式:DOCX 页数:5 大小:31.34KB
下载 相关 举报
美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共5页
美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共5页
美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共5页
美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共5页
美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共5页
亲,该文档总共5页,全部预览完了,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述

《美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在第壹文秘上搜索。

1、美国总统20詹姆斯加菲尔德JamesGarfield:AssassinatedByKellyJeanKelly16July,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutJamesGarfield.Hewasthe20thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Garfieldisnotoneofthebest-knownpresidents.Heservedonly100daysbeforehewasshot.ElevenweeksIaterzhediedfromhiswounds.

2、ButevenduringGarfieldsshorttimeinoffice,historianssayhispresidencyhadproblems.Earlylife1.ikethepresidentbeforehimzRutherfordB.HayeszGarfieldwasfromthestateofOhio.Garfieldsfatherdiedwhenhewasveryyoung.Thefuturepresidentwasraisedlargelybyhismother,twooldersistersandabrother.Amongallthepresidents,Garfi

3、eldprobablywasthemostpoorinhisearlyyears.Growingup,heworkedasafarmer,asailor,acarpenter,ateacherandajanitor.Finally,heearnedapositionasastudentatWilliamsCollegeinwesternMassachusetts.Garfieldlovedlearning.HeeventuallytaughtataschoolcalledtheEclecticInstitute.Later,hebecameitspresident.Garfieldmarrie

4、doneofhisstudentsattheEclecticInstitute,LucretiaRudolph.Shebecameateacher,too.JamesGarfieldandLucretiaRudolphThefuturepresidentandhiswifewentontohavesevenchildren.Foursonsandadaughtersurvivedtoadulthood.Intime,Garfieldmovedoutofeducationandintolawandpolitics.Hewasananti-slaveryactivistwhodidnotthink

5、theSouthernstateshadarighttowithdrawfromtheUnion.WhentheCivilWarcame,Garfieldwelcomedit.Duringthewar,Garfieldservedinthemilitaryasanofficer.Hewonawardsforhisbravery.Whilestillayoungmanzhewasappointedtothepositionofmajorgeneral.HisimageasawarherowassogreatthatGarfielddidnothavetocampaignforaseatinthe

6、U.S.HouseofRepresentatives.Hewaselectedonhisnamealone.CongressGarfieldswayofthinkingchangedwhilehewasinCongress.HebeganasoneofthemostextremeRadicalRepublicans.HewantedtopunishformerConfederateofficersseverely.Butzintime,Garfieldsoftenedhispositions.Helearnedtocompromisewithothergroupsinordertoachiev

7、eresultsforhisstate.ButhedidnotalwaysrepresenttheinterestsofworkersorfarmersinOhio.Garfieldsupportedbusinessintereststhatwantedtolimitthecountrysmoneysupply.Heopposedlaborunionsandcooperativefarmprograms,calledtheGrange.Garfieldalsobecamelinkedtoacorruptioncase.Heacceptedstocksharesinacompanythatwas

8、buildingarailroadacrossthecountry.Inexchange,Garfieldandothertopofficialseasedgovernmentrulessobusinessmancouldearnhigherprofitsfortheirwork.AlthoughGarfieldspoliticalcareersometimesdrewcriticism,hecontinuedtoriseingovernment.PresidencyWhenGarfieldbecamepresidentinMarch1881,hedidnothavewhatAmericans

9、callamandate-theapprovalofalargepartofthepopulation.Instead,heneededtomakecompromiseswithlawmakerstohelpwintheirsupport.Asaresult,thefirstweeksofhispresidencywereapoliticalstruggletoappointmemberstohiscabinetofadvisors.GarfieldalsoclashedwithapowerfulsenatorfromNewYorkState.Thesenatorwantedtocontinu

10、ethetraditionofpermittingsenatorstochoosewhogotgovernmentjobsintheirstates.ButPresidentGarfieldwantedtoputsomeonewhosharedhisownbeliefsinsomeofthetoppositionsinNewYork.Finally,thesenatorresignedinprotest.ButtheissuesetthetoneforGarfieldsshorttimeinoffice.Electedofficialsbattledeachotherforadvantages

11、andfinancialgain.OfficialsinGarfieldspartywereaccusedofcorruptionandwrongdoing.AndbeforeGarfieldcouldreallysuggestanyideasforgovernmentreform,hewasshotbysomeoneseekingagovernmentjobinexchangeforhispoliticalsupport.AssassinationOnJuly2,1881-fewerthanfourmonthsafterhetookoffice-Garfieldwasleavingforas

12、horttripwithtwoofhissons.TheyweregoingtotakeatraintoWilliams,thecollegeGarfieldhadattendedandloved.Thepresidentwassupposedtogiveaspeechthere.Butashewalkedthroughthetrainstation,amanwithagunsteppedbehindGarfieldandshotthepresidenttwice.OnebullettouchedGarfieldsarm.Theotherwentintohislowerback.Garfiel

13、ddidnotdieimmediately.Instead,hewastakenbacktotheWhiteHouse,wheredoctorstriedtoremovethebullet.OneofthemenwhotriedwasAlexanderGrahamBellztheinventorofthetelephone.Belltriedtofindthebulletbyusingadevicelikeametaldetectorthathehadinvented.ButthespringsonGarfieldsbedinterfered.NeitherBellnorthedoctorsw

14、ereabletoremovethebullet.Andzsomehistorianssay,theireffortsmayhavemadethesituationworse.Garfieldsufferedformorethantwomoremonths.Atonepoint,heseemedtoberecovering.ButonSeptember19,hefinallydied.Hewas49yearsold.Asforthegunmanzhewascapturedshortlyaftertheshooting.HisnamewasCharlesGuiteau.Guiteauwasala

15、wyerwithlittlemoney,butmanymentalproblems.Duringtheelectionof1880zhehadfirstsupportedthecandidacyofformerpresidentUlyssesS.Grant.WhenGarfieldwontheRepublicannominationinstead,Guiteausupportedhim.Guiteaudidnothaveanofficialroleintheelectioncampaign,andGarfielddidnotknowhim.ButovertimezGuiteaucametobe

16、lievethathewasresponsibleforGarfieldwinningthepresidency.Asaresult,GuiteauthoughtGarfieldowedhimagovernmentjob.GuiteauwrotethepresidentseverallettersrequestingpositionsasadiplomatinEurope.WhenGarfielddidnotwriteback,Guiteaugrewangry.HebelievedGarfieldwasruiningtheRepublicanPartyanddestroyingthecountry.Forweeks,Guiteaufollowedthepresidentandplottedtokillhim.WhenhesucceededinshootingGarfi

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 管理/人力资源 > 商务礼仪

copyright@ 2008-2023 1wenmi网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:宁ICP备2022001189号-1

本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。第壹文秘仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知第壹文秘网,我们立即给予删除!