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1、第七章体检(头颈部)Physicalexamination(headandneck)1、头颅cranium,skull 头颅变形deformingskull) 头形（三）headcontour(circumference) 小颅(尖颅,巨颅)microcephalism(acrocephalia,largeskull) 长(短)dolichocephalia(brachycephalism) 方(塔)颅squared(lower)skull 落日现象sittingsunphenomenon 颅缝cranialsuture 前(后)ll11anterior(posterior)fontanel
2、囱门膨出(塌陷)bulging(edpressed)fontanel 因门晚(早)Pfldelayded(earlier)closureofthefontanel2、眼球eyeball 眼球浮动ocularbobbing 眼球破裂eyeballrupture 眼球穿孔伤ocular-perforatinginjury 眼球内异物intralcularforeignbody 眼距增宽(变窄)ocularhypertelorism(hypotelorism) 眼球萎缩atrophyofeyeball 眼球突出(凹陷)exophthalmos(enophthalmos) 眼球震颤nystagmus
3、眼球固定eyeballfixation(stare) 眼球活动受限Uimitationofeyemovement 假眼ocularprosthesis 眼外肌运动extraocularmovements3、眼险eyelids 睑内(外)entropion(ectropion) 流泪lacrimation 上暗下垂ptosis 眼睑痉挛(松驰)blepharospasm(blepharo-chalasis) 眼睑水肿(红肿)edema(rednessandswelling)oftheeyelids 瞬目过少nictitationdiminulion(lidlag) 瞬三过多frequentnic
4、titation(blinking) 眼裂缩小(增宽)blepharophimosis(blepharodiastasis) 眼睑充血blepharalhyperemial 泪囊lacrimalsac 睫毛反射IeyelaShreflexes 压眶反射reactiontopressureonthesupraocularnotch 皱眉(皱额，闭耳)raiseeyebrows(wrinkleforehead,forceeyelidsclosing)4、结膜conjunctive 结膜反射conjunctivalreflexes jf11.congestion 红(白)redness(pallor
5、) 球结膜水肿chemosis 结膜滤泡(滤泡增生)conjunctivalfollicle(folliculosis) 沙眼trachoma 禽肉pterygium 水样(脓性)分泌物watery(purulent)discharge5、角膜和巩膜ICorneaandsclerae,角膜反射cornealreflexes 角膜混浊corneaopacity 透明(不透明)的transparent(opaque) 异物foreignbody 老年环arcussenilis 溃疡(穿孔)ulcer(perferation) 黄染(无黄染)stainedyellow(anicteric)6、瞳孔p
6、upil 右眼OD(oculusdextet) 左眼OS(oculussinister) 2mm大小2mminsize 等大等园beequalandround 瞳孑L大小不一unevennessofpupils(anisocoria) 固定fixed 瞳孔缩小contractionofpupils(miosis) 瞳孔散大dilationofpupils(platycoria) 瞳孔畸形(闭锁)deformity(seclusion)ofpupils 直接(间接)对光反射direct(consensual)responsetolight 瞳孔对光反射(佳)(差)good(poor)lightr
7、eflexofpupils 对光反射存在retainlightreflexes 调节反射accommodationreflex 辐辕反射IConVergenCereflex7、视力和视野VisionandVisualfields 视力模糊(减退,差)blurred(impaired,poor)Vision 弱视amblyopia 复视doublevision(diplopia) 斜视strabismus 麻痹性斜视paralyticsquint 偏盲hemiscotosis 失明amaurosis(blindness) 夜盲nightblindness 色盲colorblindness 全色盲
8、achromatopsia 绿(蓝)feWachromatopsiagreen(blue)blindness 红绿色盲Ijred-greenblindness 色弱colorweakness SJ.far-sightedness(far-sighted,hyeropia) 近视shortsightedness(short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia) 右(左)眼200度20Odegree,OD(OS) 左(右)眼视力OS(OD)vision 视野完整full(intact)visualfields 象限视野缺损tetarfanopia 单侧(双颗侧)unila
9、teral(bitemporal)defect 视野缺损visualfielddefect 视野缩小contractionofvisualfield8、眼底和眼压fundusandintraocularpressure) 眼底镜检查fundoscopy(ophthalmoscopy) 眼底清晰fundiareclear 小动脉(小静脉)arteriole(venule) 小动脉狭窄narrowarteriole 小动脉硬化arteriolosclerosis微动脉瘤ImiCrOaneUrySm,动静脉压迹A-Vnicking 点状(头焰样)出血punctate(flame)hemorrhage
10、 视乳头色素沉着pigmentationofdisc(retina) 视神经乳头(视神经)水肿papilledema(papilloedema) 视乳头凹陷(苍白)excavation(pallor)ofopticdisc 视网膜出血(水肿，渗出)retinalhemorrhage(edema,exudation) 视网膜色素变性pigmentarydegenerationofretina 视网膜剥离retinodialysis 视网膜变性(损伤)retinaldegeneration(injury) 测眼压intraocularpressuremeasurement 眼压升高(降低)incr
11、ease(decrease)ofintraocularpressure9、耳廓和外耳道pinnaandexternalcanal 红(肿、痛，压痛)Iredness(swelling,pain,tenderness) 糜烂(渗出物，脓性分泌物)erosion(exudate,purulentdischarge) 疱疹(瘦管，小水疱,)herpes(fistula,visicle,bloodblisters) 狭窄(闭锁)stenosis(clausura) MTJt(盯H宁栓塞，盯耳宁过多)Cerumen(Ceruminalimpactioneeruminosis) 耳癌furuncleofe
12、ar 耳化脓(溢脓)otopyosis(otopyorrhea) 耳廓假性囊肿pseudocystofauricle 外耳道异物foreignbodyofexternalauditorycanal 盯月宁钩(钳)cerumenhook(forceps)10鼓膜tympanicmembrane(drum) 光反射lightreflex 红色(粉红色,苍白)bered(pink,pale) 鼓膜内陷otopiesis(indrawingofdrum) 鼓膜膨出umbo(bulgeofdrum) 鼓膜穿孔(粘连)perforation(adherence)ofdrum 中央(周围)性穿孔centra
13、l(marginal)perforation 鼓膜破裂ImyringorUPtUre 鼓膜增厚(充血，疤痕，疱疹，肉芽)hypertrophy(congestation,scar,herpes,granulation)ofdrum 鼓室积水(血)hydrotympanum(hematotympanum)11、听力audition(hearing) 听觉过敏(减退)hyperacusis(hypoacusis) 听觉不良(迟钝，障碍)dysacousis(bradyacusia,dysacusis) 听觉域auditorysensationarea 听力正常normalhearing! 听力(觉
14、)迟钝auditusdepression(amblyacousia) 听力障碍dysaudia 听力丧失hearingloss(disability) 传导性(神经性，感音神经性)耳聋conductive(neural,sensorineural)deafness 老年性耳聋presbycusis,音叉试验tuningforktest 秒表(耳语)听力检查slopwatch(whisper)audiometry 韦伯氏试验(骨导偏向试验)Weber，SteSu 任内氏试验(气骨导听力比较试验)Rinnestest 施瓦巴赫氏试验(骨导对比试验)Schwabach,stest12、鼻nose 酒渣鼻rosacea 鞍(蛙状)saddle(frog)nose 畸形(肿胀，溃疡)deformity(swelling,ulc
