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1、人类的演进与资源提取息息相关narratorThestoryofhumansisreallyastoryofextraction.以铜矿为例人类学会了开采铜矿将其锤炼成铲子和其他工具Takecopper,whichwelearnedtomineandhammerintoplowsandtools,并在铜中融入锡形成青铜andmixwithtintomakebronze.人类也提取煤炭和石油Orcoalandpetroleum,提取过程让人类学会了用火whichallowedustotamefire.但要改变这个世界Butinordertoshapetheworld,我们首先必须生存下来firs
2、tweneededtosurviveit,而我们人类赖以生存的珍贵资源就是andforthat,themostpreciousresourcewasthis.糖Sugar,最接近纯粹能量的资源theclosestthingwehavetopureenergy.回想我们的祖先他们擅长狩猎采集Thinkofourancestors.Theywerehuntersandgatherers.对他们而言糖是最便捷的能量来源Andforthem,sugarwasoneofthefastestsourcesofenergy.是人类进化出嗜甜的本性我们发现糖就会吃Soweevolvedtocravesugar
3、and,whenwefoundit,toeatit.只是人类祖先吃的糖不是这种糖narratorButtheywerenteatingsugarlikethis.他们吃的糖源自食物Itwasjustfoundinotherfoods.例如蔬果和坚硬的蔗茎Fruitsandvegetables,andtoughstalksofsugarcane.超过一千年前Itwasoverathousandyearsago某些有开创能力的人thatsomeenterprisinghumans学会了如何从甘蔗中提取糖分learnedtoextractthesugaroutofthesugarcane,将其蒸发后
4、形成晶体evaporateit,crystallizeit.然后转化成一种能够添加到任何物质中的成分narratorAndturnitintoaningredientthatyoucouldaddtoanything.我们做到了Andwedid.如今这种白色物质唾手可得LongNowwecouldgetthewhitestuffstraightupwheneverwewanted.问题是Problemwas,我们的大脑和身体仍旧与原始人一样WestillhadtheNeanderthalbrainandNeanderthalbody如今我们活在一个科技2.0和蔗糖5.0的环境中nowlivin
5、ginatech2.0,sugar5.0environment但人体和人脑仍然追不上进步Andourbodiesandbrainscantkeepupwiththat.我们曾经赖以生存的卡路里narratorThecaloriesthatwereoncevitaltooursurvival如今称为健康公害arenowapublichealthmenace.糖是导致肥胖、糖尿病reporterSugarisresponsibleforthehighratesofobesity,心脏疾病和癌症的一大因素diabetes,heartdiseaseandcancer,必须受到严格管控andshould
6、beregulated.心脏疾病和癌症的一大因素diabetes,heartdiseaseandcancer,摄取含糖饮料Sugarydrinkconsumption是导致美国肥胖问题肆虐的主要根源isakeydriveroftheobesityepidemicintheUnitedStates.糖容易上瘾Sugarisaddictive.吃糖相等于毒害人体Wereliterallypoisoningourselveswithsugar.于是科学家展开了一段漫长的征途narratorSoscientistshavebeenonaquest他们要打造出一种能取代糖的物质tocreatesomet
7、hingthatcandoWhatsugardoes.这种物质要能带来甜味和欢愉Giveusthatsweetnessandpleasure,却没有不必要的卡路里butwithoutallthecalorieswenolongerneed.有时候我们忘了糖不仅带来甜味Wesometimesforgetthatsugarisnotjustsweetness.糖也带来能量Sugarisenergy.也带来幸福感Sugarishappiness.以及口感Sugarismouthfeel.许多食品中都含有糖分Sugarismany,manythingsinfood我们可以取代糖andreplacing
8、it.但可以取代心吗？Imean,canyoureplacetheheart?我们能不能在满足内心深处对糖的古老欲望之余narratorSocanwesatisfyourdeep,ancientcravingforsugar不给人体带来伤害？withoutharmingourselves?我们能不能健康和美味兼得？Canweactuallyhaveourcakeandeatittoo?NETFLlX原创纪录片.系歹IJ盖上一层金黄色的糖man1Itscoatedwithgoldensugar.这个太好吃了小妖精不适合吃boy1Toogoodforleprechauns.傻兔子TRIX麦片是给孩
9、子吃的boy2Sillyrabbit.Trixareforkids.糖不具任何营养价值man2Sugardoesn,thaveanynutritionalvaluewhatsoever.我甚至觉得糖不足以称为营养成分darguethatyoucouldn,tevencallitanutrient.部分糖分会转化成脂肪man3Somesugarisconvertedintofat.他不能以糖果和甜食来取代正常饮食man4Heshouldn,tletcandyandsweetssubstituteforotherfoods.我的小肚肚需要填满好吃的Mytummywantssomeyummy.剧名：
10、糖这是用糖雕刻成的雕像RussellThesearesugarsculptures.这些复杂的雕塑完全采用糖雕刻而成Elaboratescenesconstructedentirelyofsugar,有时高达600公分以上sometimesover20feethigh,通常在中古世纪的皇家宴会上展示displayedatmedievalroyalbanquets.糖雕也叫“精品”Theywereknownassubtleties,因为是展现财富和权力的低调手法becausetheywereasubtlestatementofwealthandpower.只是说低调也并不低调Butitwasnt
11、thatsubtle.糖曾经是非常珍贵稀有的物质Sugarwasreallyexpensiveandrare.但大概150到200年之前情况彻底改变了Thatallchangedabout150to200yearsago,因为人类开始学会提炼甜菜糖和蔗糖whenwestartedbeingabletodistillbeetsugarandcanesugar将其转化成加工程度极高的高浓缩糖intoveryhighlyprocessed,highlyconcentratedsugar.糖不再是权力的象征RussellItwasnolongerasymbolofpower.糖成了健康和能量的食物来源
12、Sugarwasanenergyfoodforhealthandstrength.内科医生喜称糖具有超乎想象的提神成分Physiciansexcitedlyreportedonitsunexpectedstimulatingproperties.走在时尚尖端的女性受促多摄取含糖饮料Fashionableladieswereencouragedtosipsugarycordials,含糖饮料被视为骑过自行车后唯一对人体有益的饮料theonlyhealthybeveragethatcanbesafelytakenaftercycling.士兵对糖的效力惊讶不已称之为神效饮料Andsoldiersm
13、arveledthatitactedlikeacharm,能减轻疲劳和解渴relievingfatigueandquenchingthirst.当时没人寻找能够替代糖的物质Nobodywaslookingforsomethingtoreplacesugar.代糖的出现完全是意外Ithappenedentirelybyaccident.1878年的某个夜晚Oneeveningin1878,一名化学研究员正在享用晚餐aresearchchemistsatdownfordinner,他咬了一口圆面包感受到某种甜味bitintoabreadroll,andtastedsomethingsweet.甜味
14、并非来自面包Itwasntthebread.而是来自他的手Itwashisfingers.那天早上他的双手不小心沾到了某种溶液Hedspilledasolutionalloverhishandsearlierthatday.那是一种煤焦油衍化物如今我们称之为糖精Itwasacoaltarderivative,whichwenowknowassaccharin,糖精的甜度比糖高出300倍而且零卡路里300timessweeterthansugarandzerocalories,后来这种物质填满r这个粉色包装的纤而乐whichwouldendupfillingthosepinkpacketsofS
15、weetNLow.Atthetime,though,itsbiggestcustomers那个年代纤而乐最大的客户群体是糖尿病患者那个年代纤而乐最大的客户群体是糖尿病患者werediabeticsandcannerslookingforacheappreservative.那个年代纤而乐最大的客户群体是糖尿病患者werediabeticsandcannerslookingforacheappreservative.以及急欲寻找廉价防腐剂的罐头食品生产商werediabeticsandcannerslookingforacheappreservative.在那之后美国人的摄糖量开始飙升Butthen,Americans1consumptionofsugarstartedshootingup.唯独世界大战期间糖受到配额管理导致摄糖量下降Itdippedduringtheworldwarswhensugarwasrationed,但战争后美国摄犍量极速恢复butquicklyrecovered.美国人的腰围也因此不断
