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1、附录:外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：ComparingmixingperformanceofuniaxialandbiaxialbinblendersAmitMehrotraandFernandoJ.MuzzioDepartmentofChemicalandBiochemicalEngineering,RutgersUniversity,Piscataway,NJ,08855,UnitedStatesReceived17February2009;revised30May2009;accepted14June2009.Availableonline27June2009.AbstractThedyn
2、amicsinvolvedinpowdermixingremainsatopicofinterestformanyresearchers;howeverthetheorystillremainsunderdeveloped.Mostofthemixersarestilldesignedandscaleduponempiricalbasis.Inmanyindustries,includingpharmaceutical,themajorityofblendingisperformedusingttumblingmixers,Tumblingmixersarehollowcontainerswh
3、icharepartiallyloadedwithmaterialsandrotatedforsomenumberofrevolutions.Somecommonexamplesincludehorizontaldrummixers,v-blenders,doubleconeblendersandbinblenders.Inallthesemixerswhilehomogenizationinthedirectionofrotationisfast,mediatedbyaconvectivemixingprocess,mixinginthehorizontal(axial)direction,
4、drivenbyadispersiveprocess,isoftenmuchslower.Inthispaper,weexperimentallyinvestigateanewtumblingmixerthatrotateswithrespecttotwoaxes:ahorizontalaxis(tumblingmotion),andacentralsymmetryaxis(spinningmotion).Adetailedstudyisconductedonmixingperformanceofpowdersandtheeffectofcriticalfundamentalparameter
5、sincludingblendergeometry,speed,filllevel,presenceofbaffles,loadingpattern,andaxisofrotation.InthisworkAcetaminophenisusedastheactivepharmaceuticalingredientandtheformulationcontainscommonlyusedexcipientssuchasAvicelandLactose.Themixingefficiencyischaracterizedbyextractingsamplesafterpre-determinedn
6、umberofrevolutions,andanalyzingthemusingNearInfraredSpectroscopytodeterminecompositionaldistribution.Resultsshowtheimportanceofprocessvariablesincludingtheaxisofrotationonhomogeneityofpowderblends.GraphicalabstractThedynamicsinvolvedinpowdermixingremainsatopicofinterestformanyresearchers;howeverthet
7、heorystillremainsunderdeveloped.Mostofthemixersarestilldesignedandscaleduponempiricalbasis.Inmanyindustries,includingpharmaceutical,themajorityofblendingisperformedusing4tumblingmixers,Inallthesemixerswhilehomogenizationinthedirectionofrotationisfast,mediatedbyaconvectivemixingprocess,mixinginthehor
8、izontal(axial)direction,drivenbyadispersiveprocess,isoftenmuchslower.Inthispaper,weexperimentallyinvestigateanewtumblingmixerthatrotateswithrespecttotwoaxes:ahorizontalaxis(tumblingmotion),andacentralsymmetryaxis(spinningmotion).KeywordsjPowdermixing;Cohesion;Blender;Mixer;Relativestandarddeviation;
9、NIR;AcetaminophenArticleOutline1.Introduction2.Materialsandmethods2.1. Nearinfraredspectroscopy2.2. Binblendersusedinthisstudy:uni-axialblender(Blender1),bi-axialblender(Blender2)2.3. Experimentalmethod3.Results4.ConclusionReferences1. IntroductionParticleblendingisarequiredstepinavarietyofapplicati
10、onsspanningtheceramic,food,glass,metallurgical,polymers,andpharmaceuticalsindustries.Despitethelonghistoryofdrysolidsmixing(orperhapsbecauseofit),comparativelylittleisknownofthemechanismsinvolved1,and3.Acommontypeofbatchindustrialmixeristhetumblingblender,wheregrainsflowbyacombinationofgravityandves
11、selrotation.Althoughthetumblingblenderisaverycommondevice,mixingandsegregationmechanismsinthesedevicesarenotfullyunderstoodandthedesignofblendingequipmentislargelybasedonempiricalmethods.Tumblersarethemostcommonbatchmixersinindustry,andalsofinduseinmyriadofapplicationasdryers,kilns,coaters,millsandg
12、ranulators4,5,6,7and8.Whilefree-flowingmaterialsinrotatingdrumshavebeenextensivelystudied9and110,cohesivegranularflowsinthesesystemsarestillnotcompletelyunderstood.Littleisknownabouttheeffectoffundamentalparameterssuchasblendergeometry,speed,filllevel,presenceofbaffles,loadingpatternandaxisofrotatio
13、nonmixingperformanceofcohesivepowdersorthescalingrequirementsofthedevices.However,conventionaltumblers,rotatingaroundahorizontalaxis,allshareanimportantcharacteristic:whilehomogenizationinthedirectionofrotationisfast,mediatedbyaconvectivemixingprocess,mixinginthehorizontal(axial)direction,drivenbyad
14、ispersiveprocess,isoftenmuchslower.Inthispaper,weexperimentallyinvestigateanewtumblingmixerthatrotateswithrespecttotwoaxes:ahorizontalaxis(tumblingmotion),andacentralsymmetryaxis(spinningmotion).Weexaminetheeffectsoffilllevel,mixingtime,loadingpatternandaxisofrotationonthemixingperformanceofafree-fl
15、owingmatrixofFastFlolactoseandAvicel102,containingamoderatelycohesiveAPI,micronizedAcetaminophen.WeuseextensivesamplingtocharacterizemixingbytrackingtheevolutionofAcetaminophenhomogeneityusingaNearInfraredspectroscopydetectionmethod.AftermaterialsandmethodsaredescribedinSection2,resultsarepresentedi
16、nSection3,followedbyconclusionsandrecommendations,whicharepresentedinSection4.2. MaterialsandmethodsThematerialsusedinthestudyarelistedinTable1,alongwiththeirsizeandmorphology.Acetaminophenisblendedwithcommonlyusedexcipientsandisusedasatracertoevaluatethedegreeofhomogeneityachievedasafunctionofnumberofrevolutions.Acetaminophenisoneofthedrugsmostwidelyusedinmixingstudies,andAvicelandLactosearecommonlyusedpha
