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1、美国名人女歌手艾拉费兹杰拉德EllaFitzgeraldplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByNancySteinbach2004-3-6(THEME)ANNCR:NowztheVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Today,ShirleyGriffithandSteveEmbertellaboutthejazzsingerzEllaFitzgerald.ShewasknownasAmericasfirstladyofsong.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Theyearwasnineteen-thirt
2、y-three.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.EllaFitzgeraldwassixteenyearsold.ShehadenteredacompetitionattheApollotheaterinHarlem.Shewasgoingtodance.Butshehadjustwatchedtwodancersperform.Theywerebetterdancersthanshe.Sozinsteadofdancing,shesangasongcalledJudy.Peoplewatchingthecompetitionurgedhertosinganothersong.S
3、hedid.Shewonfirstprize-twenty-fivedollars.ThatcompetitionattheApolloTheaterchangedEllaFitzgeraldslifeforever.BandleaderChickWebbwaswatchingthecompetition.HehiredEllatosingwithhisband.Hetaughtheraboutsinginginpublic.Heevenshowedherwhatkindofclothestowear.Inthreeyears,shehadherfirsthitrecord,A-Tisket-
4、a-Tasket:(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EllaFitzgeraldwasborninthesoutherncityofNewportNews,Virginiainnineteen-seventeen.Herfatherleftsoonafterherbirth.HermothertookEllaandmovedtoNewYorkCity.EllasmotherdiedwhenEllawasfifteenyearsold.Thenextyear,EllastartedsingingwithChickWebbsband.ShestayedwithChickWebbuntilhedied
5、innineteen-thirty-nine.EllakepthisbandtogetherafterhedieduntilWorldWarTwostarted.Thenmostofthebandmembersjoinedthearmedforces.WhileshewaswiththebandzEllarecordedalmostone-hundred-fiftysongs.VOICEONE:EllaFitzgeraldwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheexperimentalmusicofCharlieParkerandDizzyGillespie.Itwascalledb
6、e-bop.Sheusedbe-boprhythmsinhersinging.Innineteen-forty-fivezsherecordedthesongFlyingHome,usingthebe-bopmethodknownasscat.Inscat,thesingersvoicesoundslikeanotherinstrumentintheorchestra.Criticssayitwasthemostinfluentialjazzrecordofthetime.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteen-forty-ninezjazzmusicianNormanGranz
7、invitedhertojoinhisband.ItwaswithhisbandinBerlin,Germanyinnineteen-sixtythatEllasangafamoussonginaverydifferentway.AmanaskedherifsheknewthesongMacktheKnife.Ellasaidshehadhearditafewtimesbutthebanddidnothavethemusicforit.Shesaidshewouldtrytosingitanyway.ThisrecordingshowshowshecontinuedtosingMacktheK
8、nifewhenshedidnotrememberthewords.Thepeoplelisteninglovedit.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:NormanGranzlaterbecamehermanager.Hestartedanewrecordingcompanyjustforher.ItwashisideaforEllatorecordthenowfamousseriesofrecordalbumscalledtheSongbooks.Oneachrecord,shesangworksofadifferentsongwriter.Sherecordedsongbooksofthe
9、musicofColePorter,IrvingBerlin,DukeEllington,JeromeKern,JohnnyMercerandHaroldArlen.CriticssaythebestsongbookisEllasingingthesongsofGeorgeandIraGershwin.IraGershwinreportedlysaid:IneverknewhowgoodoursongswereuntilIheardEllaFitzgeraldsingthem.Here,shesingstheGershwinsong,IGotRhythm:(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Ell
10、aFitzgeraldalsoappearedinmoviesandontelevision.Shebecamepopularinternationally.Sheperformedinconcertsaroundtheworldsometimesfortyweeksayear.Shealsorecordedfordifferentrecordcompanies.Inthenineteen-sixties,shebegantosingmoremodernsongssuchasthosewrittenbytheBeatlesandBurtBacharach.Butshewasnotverysuc
11、cessfulwiththatkindofpopularmusic.Shereturnedtojazzinnineteen-seventy-threezagainwithNormanGranz.Shealsobeganperformingwithsymphonyorchestras.VOICEONE:EllaFitzgeraldwasmarriedtwotimes.Bothmarriagesendedindivorce.Sheraisedthreechildrenwhowerenotherown.EllalivedquietlyinBeverlyHills,California.Through
12、outherlifeshewasaveryprivateperson.Shewantedtobeknownonlyforhermusic.HerfriendsincludedmembersoftheDukeEllingtonband,CountBasiesband,andsingerslikeSarahVaughnandPeggyLee.EllaFitzgeraldbegantohavehealthproblemsduringthenineteen-seventies.Shehadthediseasediabeteswhichcausedproblemswithhereyes.Shehadah
13、eartoperationinnineteen-eighty-si.Innineteen-ninetythree,theeffectsofdiabetesledtooperationstoremovebothherlegs.ShediedJunefifteenth,nineteen-ninety-six.VOICETWO:PeoplearoundtheworldlovedEllaFitzgeraldsjoyfulsinging.CriticssaidshehadraisedtheAmericanpopularsongtothelevelofart.Shewonmanyawards.Sherec
14、eivedtheNationalMedaloftheArtsandaKennedyCenterHonorforlifetimework.TheUniversityofMarylandnamedaperformingartscenterforher.EllaFitzgeraldswonderfulvoicelivesoninhertwo-hundred-fiftyalbums.ShewonthirteenGrammyawardsgiveneachyearforthebestrecordings.HerlastGrammywasforthenineteen-ninetyrecord:AllThatJazz:(MUSIC)ANNCR:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.TheannouncerswereShirleyGriffithandSteveEmber.mSarahLong.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.(THEME)
