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1、美国名人社会活动家和妇女运动领袖贝拉艾布扎格BellaAbzug,1920-1998:ActivistforWomen,sRightswasKnownforherLargeHatsandStrongOpinionsplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:30repeatByShelleyGollust2008-4-26VOICEONE:mRichKleinfeldt.VOICETWO:BellaAbzugAndImShirleyGriffithwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutBe
2、llaAbzug.ShewasamemberoftheUnitedStatesCongressinthenineteenseventies.Shealsowasawell-knownactivistforcivilrightsandwomensrights.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BellaAbzugwaswellknownformanyreasons.Shewasalawyerandactivist.SherepresentedNewYorkCityinCongress.Shespokeinaloudvoice.Andshealwaysworelargehats.MizAbzugsu
3、pportedwomensrightsandcivilrights.Shehadstrongopinionsonmanyissues.SheopposedtheAmericaninvolvementinthewarinVietnam.Shemadepublicheropinionsonmostimportantissues.Infact,shewascalledoneofthemostoutspokenmembersofCongress.BellaAbzugalsoactedonherbeliefs.Shewrotelegislationtopreventunfairtreatmentofwo
4、men.Shepresentedthefirstbillforequalrightsforhomosexuals.SheoftendenouncedthemajorityofthemembersofCongresswhowerewhitemales.ShesaidtheydidnotknowaboutthelivesandproblemsofmostpeopleinAmerica.VOICETWO:BellaAbzugdidknowaboutthelivesofcommonAmericans.ShewasbornBellaSavitskyintheBronxareaofNewYorkCityi
5、nnineteentwenty.HerparentshadcometotheUnitedStatesfromRussia.HerfatheroperatedafoodstorecalledTheLiveandLetLiveMeatMarket.Bellasaidsheknewfromtheageofeleventhatshewantedtobealawyer.Attheageoftwelve,shegaveherfirstpublicspeech.ItwasinanundergroundtrainstationinNewYork.VOICEONE:1.izAbzug7Presidentofth
6、eBellaAbzugLeadershipInstitute,speaksatHunterCollegewherehermotherattendedschoolBellaattendedHunterCollegeandColumbiaLawSchoolinNewYorkCity.ShemarriedMartinAbzuginnineteenforty-four.Hewasastockbrokerandwriter.Hehadnointerestinpolitics.Buthewashiswifesbestfriendandsupporter.Theyhadtwodaughters.BellaA
7、bzugbecamealawyerinthenineteenforties.Sherepresentedlaborunionworkers.Shealsorepresentedpeopleinvolvedincivilrightscases.Sheoftenworkedfornopaymentinthesecases.Inthenineteenfifties,sherepresentedpeopleaccusedofsubversiveactivitiesbySenatorJosephMcCarthy.VOICETWO:BellaAbzugbeganwearinglargehatswhensh
8、ewasayounglawyer.TherewereveryfewwomenlawyersinAmericathen.Shetoldthisstoryaboutwhyshebeganwearinghats:Workingwomenworehats.Itwastheonlywaytheywouldtakeyouseriously.AfterawhileIstartinglikingthem.WhenIgottoCongress,theymadeabigthingofit.Theydidnotwantmetowearahat.SoIdid.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inthenineteen
9、sixties,BellaAbzugbecameananti-waractivist.Sheorganizedagroupofanti-warwomen,calledWomenStrikeforPeace.SheopposedAmericaninvolvementinthewarinVietnam.Andsheopposedtestingofnuclearweapons.SheleddemonstrationsinWashingtonagainstthewarandinsupportofabanagainstnuclearweapons.Shebecamealeaderofthemovemen
10、tagainstPresidentJohnsonbecauseofhisinvolvementinthewar.Intheearlynineteenseventies,MizAbzugalsobecamealeaderofthegrowingwomensrightsmovementthatwasspreadingacrossthecountry.ShehelpedformtheNationalWomensPoliticalCaucus.Inspeakingtothegroupinnineteenseventy-one,shedemandedequalrightsforwomeninallare
11、asofAmericanlife.(SOUND)VOICETWO:Innineteenseventy,BellaAbzugwaselectedtotheHouseofRepresentativesasaDemocratfromNewYorkCity.Shewasfiftyyearsold.ShewasthefirstJewishwomanelectedtoCongress.Hercampaignstatementwas:ThiswomanbelongsintheHouse.Shedidnotmeanherhouse.ShemeanttheHouseofRepresentatives.Atthe
12、time,therewereonlytenfemalemembersintheHouseofRepresentatives.DuringherfirstdayasamemberofCongress,MizAbzugintroducedaresolutioncallingforanimmediatewithdrawalofAmericantroopsfromVietnam.Theresolutionwasdefeated.1.aterinherterm,shetriedotherwaystoreachthatgoal.SheforcedtheadministrationofPresidentNi
13、xontosurrenderdocumentsabouttheVietnamWarthatwereknownasthePentagonPapers.ShealsowasthefirstmemberofCongresstocallforanimpeachmentinvestigationofPresidentNixon.VOICEONE:MizAbzugsupportedmanyprogramstohelpAmericanfamilies.Forexample,shewantednationalinsurancetohelppayforhealthcareforallAmericans.And,
14、shewantedthegovernmenttoestablishcenterstocareforyoungchildrenwhiletheirmothersworked.ShewantedtheseprogramspaidforwithmoneycutfromthebudgetoftheDefenseDepartment.ShedidnotsucceedingettingthislegislationpassedinCongress.Yetshekepttrying.VOICETWO:RepresentativeAbzugwasknownforherforcefulwayofexpressi
15、ngheropinions.YetHouseSpeakerThomasTipO1NeiIIchoseherasoneofhisassistants.ShehelpedwritetheFreedomofInformationandPrivacyActs.TheselawsrestrictedtherightoftheFederalBureauofInformationtowithholdinformation.MizAbzugservedintheHouseofRepresentativesforsixyears.Innineteenseventy-six,shegaveupherseatint
16、heHousetocampaignfortheDemocraticnominationforsenatorfromthestateofNewYork.Shelosttheelection.SheranunsuccessfullyformayorofNewYorkCity.ShealsolosttwomoreelectionsthatwouldhavereturnedhertotheHouseofRepresentatives.VOICEONE:Fortwentymoreyears,BellaAbzugcontinuedtoworkforwomensrights.Innineteenseventy-nine,PresidentCarterappointedhertheheadofaNationalAdvisoryCommitteeonWomen,anon-payingjob.Later,P
