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1、美国名人音乐人约翰路易斯JohnLewis,1920-2001:HeCreatedOneoftheMostFamousJazzGroupsinAmerica,theModernJazzQuartetplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:27repeatByCynthiaKirk2009-2-28VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutpianistJohnLewis.Hecreatedon
2、eofoneofthemostfamousjazzgroupsinAmerica,theModernJazzQuartet.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JohnLewisJohnLewiswasknownforhiscreativity.HewasaskilledpianoplayerandmusicaldirectoroftheModernJazzQuartetforalmostfiftyyears.Hewroteandarrangedallthemusicforthesmallgroup.MisterLewiswasresponsibleforthegroupssoundanditsi
3、dentity.JohnLewiswasinterestedinjazz,blues,andbebob,amusicwithagreatdealofenergy.YethewasalsogreatlyinfluencedbyhistraininginEuropeanclassicalmusic.Classicalmusicisexpressiveandintense,butisalsostructured.Hethoughtjazzshouldbepresentedthesameway.JohnLewiscombinedclassicalmusicwithtraditionaljazztocr
4、eatesongsforhimselfandthethreeothermembersofhisquartet.Hebelievedmusicshouldbesimpleandclear,yetplayedinameaningfulway.HereisoneoftheModernJazzQuartetsbighits,Django.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:JohnLewiswasgreatlyinfluencedbythepianostyleofthefamousjazzbandleader,CountBasie.1.ikeBasiezLewisbelievedinmakingevery
5、noteofmusiccount.Hedependedasmuchonsilenceashedidonnotestogethismessageacross.JohnLewisoftenusedaformofmusiccalledfugue.Fugueisaseriesofopposingmelodiesusedtocreateacomplexeffect.MisterLewisalsocombinedwrittenmusicwithmusicthatthegroupinventedasitwentalong.Thisnewkindofjazzattractedbothloversofjazza
6、ndclassicalmusic.ItalsoappealedtopeoplewhodidnotnecessarilyIikejazz.HereisanexampleoffugueinthesongAlexandersFugue.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ModernJazzQuartetmembersfromleft,JohnLewis,ConnieKay,above,MiltJackson,below,andPercyHeathzright.TheModernJazzQuartetincludedJohnLewis,MiltJackson,PercyHeathandConnieKay
7、.Thegroupmadeitsfirstrecordinginnineteenfifty-two.Andtheycontinuedtoplaytogether,withasevenyearbreak,untilnineteenninety-nine.JohnLewiswasasconcernedaboutappearancesashewasaboutthemusic.Themusicianshadtodresswellforeveryperformance.Theyplayedmostlyinconcerthallsinsteadofsmalldanceclubs.Lewisbelieved
8、jazzshouldreceivethesamerespectasclassicalmusic.VOICETWO:JohnLewiswasborninLaGrange,Illinois,innineteentwenty.HegrewupinAlbuquerque,NewMexico.Hestartedplayingthepianowhenhewasseven.Asateenager,heplayedprofessionallyinchurchesaroundAlbuquerque.Hesoonwasplayinginlocaldancehalls.1.ewisstudiedanthropolo
9、gyandmusicattheUniversityofNewMexico.Innineteenforty-two,hejoinedtheArmyandservedinEuropeduringWorldWarTwo.Afterthewar,LewismovedtoNewYorkCityandplayedinDizzyGillespiesbigband.HealsostudiedforhismastersdegreeattheManhattanSchoolofMusic.VOICEONE:JohnLewisplayedintherhythmsectionofGillespiesband.Other
10、membersweredrummerKennyClarke,bassplayerRayBrownandvibraphoneplayerMiltJackson.Thefouroftenperformedtogetherwhilethehornplayersinthebandrested.ThefourbandmemberscontinuedtoworktogetherafterleavingDizzysgroupinthelatenineteenforties.Atthattime,theywerecriticizedfornotplayingtruejazz.Buttheycontinueda
11、nyway.RayBrownandKennyClarkesoonleftthegroup.BassplayerPercyHeathanddrummerConnieKayreplacedthem.Innineteenfifty-two,thegroupbecametheModernJazzQuartetandestablisheditsownidentity.VOICETWO:Innineteenfifty-six,theModernJazzQuartetplayedaseriesofconcertsinEurope.Thegrouphelpedmakejazzpopularwithmanymu
12、siclistenersinEurope.ThemembersofthequartethadbecomemajorstarsbythetimetheyreturnedtotheUnitedStates.TheModernJazzQuartetcontinuedtoperformallovertheworldforsold-outcrowdsuntilthelatenineteenseventies.Peoplelovedthegroupsteamworkandtheiramazingsound.ListenasweplayVendome,anotherbighit.(MUSIC)VOICEON
13、E:CriticssayJohnLewisslessismorepianostyleandMiltJacksonsenergyonthevibraphonewerethesecrettothegroupslong-lastingsuccess.Yetovertheyears,MisterJacksonexpresseddissatisfactionwithlimitsthatwereputonhistalents.Thegroupseparatedinnineteenseventy-four.Howeverzthemembersofthequartetreunitedaftersevenyea
14、rs.TheyplayedtogetheruntilMiltJacksonsdeathinnineteenninety-nine.InadditiontohisworkwiththeModernJazzQuartet,JohnLewisworkedformanyyearsasmusicaldirectoroftheMontereyJazzFestivalinCalifornia.HewrotethemusicforseveralHollywoodfilms.HetaughtatHarvardUniversityandtheCityCollegeofNewYork.Andhehelpedesta
15、blishajazzschoolinMassachusetts.VOICETWO:Throughtheyears,JohnLewisworkedwithsomeofthebiggestnamesinjazz,includingtrumpetplayerMilesDavis.YetforallthepraiseLewisreceived,hewasknownforputtingtheinterestsofthegroupovertheindividual.JohnLewislivedaquietlifewithhiswife,Mirjana,inNewYorkCity.InMarch,twoth
16、ousandone,hediedofcancer.Hewaseightyyearsold.Hisdeathofficiallymarkedtheendofahistoricperiodinmodernjazz.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyCynthiaKirk.OuraudioengineerwasRoyBenson.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.ListenagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
