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1、WQR1.DECONOMICFQRUMIncollaborationwithKearneyScalingUpSustainableAviationFuelSupply:OvercomingBarriersinEurope,theUSandtheMiddleEastINSIGHTREPORTMARCH2024Images:GettyImagesContentsForeword3Executivesummary4Introduction51 ScalingSAFforEurope111.1 Europeansituationandchallenges121.2 Keyactionstotake13
2、1.2.1 Collaboration131.2.2 Finance141.2.3 Policy152 ScalingSAFfortheUS172.1 USsituationandchallenges182.2 Keyactionstotake192.2.1 Collaboration192.2.2 Finance212.2.3 Policy223 ScalingSAFfortheMiddleEast233.1 MiddleEastsituationandchallenges243.2 Keyactionstotake243.2.1 Cross-industryllaboration253.2
3、.2 Improvingefficiencyinexistingrefineries253.2.3 Power-to-liquiddeployment253.2.4 Governmentandregulatorengagement263.2.5 Publicawarenessandeducation26Conclusion:WhatwillittaketoscaleSAFglobally?27Contributors29Acknowledgements29Endnotes31DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEnomicForumasacon
4、tributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandnclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders
5、.2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.March2024ScalingUpSustainableAviationFuelSupply:OvercomingBarriersinEurope,theUSandtheMiddleEastForeword1.aia
6、BarbaraHead,ClimateStrategy,WorldEomicForumClaudiaGaleaGlobalSustainabilityDirector,KeameyTheWorldEconomicForumandAirportsCouncilInternational(ACI)Worldareco-leadingtheAirportsofTomorrowinitiative,whichseekstoaddresstheenergy,infrastructureandfinancingneedsoftheaviationindustrystransitiontonet-zeroc
7、arbonemissionsby2050.Theinitiativehasconvenedexecutivesfromacrosstheaviationsectorwithanaimofacceleratingthemovetowardsincreasedsustainabilityandresilience.Thisreportpresentskeyfindingsfromourworkonsustainableaviationfuel(SAF)in2023.WeshowcasecriticaltechnologiesforSAFscalingandtheiradvantages,aswel
8、lasthegreatestchallengesatthistime.FutureSAFvolumeshavebeenanalysedandoptimalglobalproductionhubsidentifiedtosatisfythisemergingdemand.Furthermore,wefocusedonadequateregulationandpolicytoenableglobalSAFscaling,aswellasinsightsandimportantthemesforspecificuntriesandregions.Thereportfocusesonthreeregi
9、ons-Europe,theUSandtheMiddleEast-andntainsinsightsfromstakeholdersintheaviationandenergyindustriesaswellasthepublicsector.ThemaingoalistoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewoftheexistingchallengesforSAFadoptionandhighlightwhichactionsstakeholdersalongtheentirevaluechainshouldtaketomovetowards10%SAFin2030an
10、dsubsequentsectordecarbonizationby2050.ThisworkwasdevelopedbytheWorldEconomicForuminpartnershipwithKearney,ACIWorld,AirbusandArup.Wethankourpartnersandindustrysponsorsfortheirsupport.ExecutivesummaryTheaviationsectorfaceschallengesinscalingSAF5requiringcollectiveeffortstoacceleratetechnologydeployme
11、nt,securedemandcertaintyandestablishconduciveregulatoryframeworks.Airtravelcontributes2-3%ofglobalCO2emissions,1primarilyduetoaircraftfossilfuelconsumption.Furthermore,theprojecteddemandforaviationfuelcouldsurgebyover50%by2050comparedto2019,increasingthissharesignificantly.2Despiterecognitionoftheim
12、portanceofsustainableaviationfuel(SAF)indecarbonizingtheindustry,globalproductionremainsinsufficient,withannouncedprojectscoveringonly30-40%oftheaspirational10%ofglobalfuelsupplyin2030.Solvingthissupplyshortagerequiresdeployingexistinganddevelopingnoveltechnologiesinregionswithfavourableconditions.A
13、ppropriateregulationsandpoliciesarealsoneededtocreateaSAFmarketgiventhatSAFproductioniscurrentlytwotofivetimescostlierthanfossiljetfuel.3Europehasbeenleadingthewayonmanypoliciesaimedatadvancingthedecarbonizationofitseconomy,suchastheimplementationofemissionstradingsystems(ETS)andadoptingtheReFueIEUl
14、egislation,committingtotangibleSAFmandatesofupto70%offuelsupplyby2050.4Stakeholdersarenowfocusingoncollaborationintechnologydevelopment,providingtransparentSAFpropertiesandcommittingtolong-termSAFagreements.Thepublicandprivatesectorswillneedtocometogethertounlockthesignificantinvestmentsrequiredtosc
15、ale.IntheUS,financialincentivesarestimulatingtechnologydevelopmentanddeployment.TheInflationReductionAct(IRA)containstaxcreditsforproducers.1.ocallegislation,especiallyonthewestcoast,aimstoattractproduction.Withoutmandates,theindustryislookingforpartnershipstoensurelong-termofftakesandtangiblerisk-sharingagreements.Extendingboththedurationandavailabilityoffederalincentivescanprovidegreaterplanningsecurityfornewproductionfacilities.IntheMiddleEast,localconditionsandtheregionsroleasaglobalaviationhubarefavourablefortheproductionofSAF.Withcheaprenew
