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1、美国名人作曲家钢琴家艾灵顿公爵1DukeEllingtonz1899-1974:FromaYoungPaintertoMusicalRoyaltyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:26repeatByO2010-8-14Photo:americaslibrary.govDukeEllingtonandsomeofhismusicalfriendsattheAquariuminNewYork,1946SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ImShirleyGriffith.RAYFREEMAN:AndmRayFreemanwiththeVOASpecialEnglishpr
2、ogramPEOP1.EINAMERICA.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonwhowasimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutthegreatjazzmusician,EdwardKennedyEllington.HewasbetterknowntotheworldasDukeEllington.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThatwasDukeEllingtonsorchestraplayingTaketheA,Train.Justthefirstfewnotesofthats
3、ongareenoughtotellanymusicexpertwhoisplaying.Itislikeamusicalsign.Thesignsays,1.isten!YouareabouttohearsomethingbyDukeEllingtonsorchestra.Itwasalwaysthefirstsonghisorchestraplayed.TaketheA,Trainwasonlyoneofhundredsofsongsheplayedallovertheworld.(MUSIC)RAYFREEMAN:EdwardKennedyEllingtonwasbornonAprilt
4、wenty-ninth,eighteenninety-nine,inWashington,D.C.HisfamilylivedintheAfrican-AmericanareaofWashington.ItwasatimewhenracialseparationwasthelawinmuchoftheUnitedStates.RaciallawsandracialhatredweretofollowEdwardKennedyEllingtonallthroughhislife.AfriendoncecalledhimDukebecausehelikedclothessomuch,likeame
5、mberofaroyalfamilyYoungEdwardlikedclothes.Afriendoncelookedathimandsaid,Youlooklikeaduke.HemeantthatEdwardsclothesweresogoodthathelookedlikeamemberofaroyalfamily.Otherfriendslaughed.YettheyallbegancallinghimDuke.Thenamestayedwithhimtherestofhislife.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Whenhewasaboutsevenyearsold,DukeEl
6、lingtonbegantoplaythepiano.Whenhewasinhighschool,hebegantopaint.Hebecameverygoodatboth.AfamousartschoolinNewYorkCityinvitedhimtotakeclassesthere.Buthehadalreadydecidedtobecomeamusician.Hegothisfirstprofessionaljobinnineteensixteen.Heplayedmusicatnightandpaintedbusinesssignsduringtheday.Themostpopula
7、rmusicbackthenwascalledragtime.DukelistenedtoragtimepianoplayerswhovisitedWashington.Thenhetriedtoplayaswellorbetterthantheydid.Yearslater,herecordedasongthatshowedhowwellhecouldplaythepiano.Itisaragtimesongcalled1.otsoFingers.(MUSIC)RAYFREEMAN:DukeEllingtonmovedtoNewYorkCityinnineteentwenty-three.H
8、ehadasmallband.SoonitwasplayingatthefamousCottonClub,whereitwouldplayformanyyears.DukeandhisbandcouldplayattheCottonClub.Buttheycouldnotcometohearanyoneelse,becausetheywereblack.Dukedidnotbecomeangry.Hedidnotbecomefilledwithhatredtowardwhitepeople.Helethismusicspeakforhim.TaketheATrainwasDukeEllingt
9、onsmostfamoussong.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Intime,DukeEllingtonsbandgotbigger.Itwasajazzorchestra.Morepeoplebeganhearingtheorchestrasmusic.TheycouldhearitonaradioprogramfromtheCottonClub.TheprogramoftencouldbeheardallovertheUnitedStates.Atthesametime,DukeEllingtonandthemembersofhisorchestrabeganrecordingthe
10、irsongs.Theirfirsthitrecordwasoneoftheirmostfamous.ItwasrecordedinOctoberofnineteenthirty.ItwascalledDreamyBlues.1.ater,Dukechangedthename.Itisstillconsideredagreatbluessongandisoftenplayedtoday.ItiscalledMoodIndigo.(MUSIC)RAYFREEMAN:Anorchestraisateammadeupofindividualplayers.1.ikeanyteam,theindivi
11、dualsinanorchestramustcooperatetoproducegoodmusic.Theleaderofateam,oranorchestra,mustlearnthestrengthandtheweaknessofeachmember.Andagoodleaderwillusethisknowledgetomaketheteamororchestraproducethebestresult.Inthenineteentwentiesandnineteenthirties,membersofadanceorchestraneverstayedwithonegroupforlo
12、ng.Musiciansmovedfromgrouptogroup.Yet,whenamusicianplayedwithDukeEllingtonzheusuallystayed,sometimesformanyyears.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Thishadaneffectonthegroupsmusic.Dukewouldwritemusicespeciallyformusiciansintheorchestra.Hissongsusedthestrengthsofoneortwoindividuals.Therestoftheorchestracooperatedwitht
13、hem.americaslibrary.govDukeEllingtonoftenplayedtheParamountTheaterinNewYorkCityThiscooperationbecamethemethodEllingtonusedagainandagaintoproducebeautifulsoundcolors.Hismusiccouldmakepeoplefeeldeepemotions-feelingsofhappiness,orsadness,orlonelinessorjoy.RAYFREEMAN:SomemembersoftheDukeEllingtonorchest
14、rawerethebestjazzmusiciansoftheirday.Theircooperationproducedasoundthatisalmostimpossibleforotherstore-create.Tocreatethatsamesound,youwouldneedthemusicianswhofirstplayedthemusic.OneofthosemusicianswasCootieWilliams.HeplayedthetrumpetintheDukeEllingtonorchestraformanyyears.DukeEllingtonusedthestreng
15、thofCootieWilliamswhenhewroteasongcalled,AConcertoforCootie.Criticssaidthisworkshowedtheunitybetweenthemusicwriter;theleaderoftheorchestra,anditsmembers.1.istenasCootieWilliamsseemstoleadtheorchestra.Hearhowtheothermemberscooperatewithhimtoproduceaverybeautifulandspecialsound.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyPaulThompson.Itwasproducedby1.awanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.RAYFREEMAN:AndmRayFreeman.JoinusagainnextweekatthistimeforthesecondpartofourPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramaboutDukeEllingtonontheVoiceofAmerica.
