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1、美国名人军事家道格拉斯麦克阿瑟DouglasMacArthurz1880-1964:AMostSuccessfulandUnusualMilitary1.eaderplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:33repeat51VOA.COMNow,theVOASpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinamerica.TodayRichKleinfeldtandSarah1.ongtellaboutoneofthemostunusualandsuccessfulAmericanmilitaryleaders,GeneralDouglasMacArthur.(MU
2、SIC)GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasamostunusualman.Hewasextremelyintelligentandverydemanding.Heexpectedhisorderstobefollowedexactly.Yethehadproblemsallhislifefollowingtheordersofthosewhowerehiscommanders.DouglasMacArthurwasveryintelligentandcouldrememberthingsthatotherswouldeasilyforget.Hecoulddesignbatt
3、leplansthatlefttheenemynochoiceotherthansurrenderanddefeat.Hisbattleplansdefeatedtheenemyandsavedasmanyofhisownmenaspossible.Atothertimes,hewouldmakesimplemistakesthatmadehimappearstupid.Heoftensaidthingsthatshowedhefeltimportant.Manypeoplemadejokesabouthim.Someofhissoldierssangsongsthatmadefunofhim
4、.OthersbelievedhewasthebestgeneralevertoserveintheUnitedStatesmilitary.GeneralDouglasMacArthurwasextremelybraveinbattle,sometimesalmostfoolish.Itoftenseemedasifhebelievedhecouldnotbekilled.HewoneverymedalandhonortheUnitedStatescangiveasoldier.However,attheendofhislife,herejectedwarandwarnedAmericanp
5、oliticalleaderstostayawayfromarmedconflict.(MUSIC)DouglasMacArthurwasborntobeasoldier.Hisfather,ArthurMacArthur,wasaherooftheAmericanCivilWarandcontinuedtoserveinthearmyafterthewarendedineighteensixty-five.Hebecamethetopofficerofthearmyinnineteen-oh-six.DouglaswasbornonanArmybasenearthesoutherncityo
6、f1.ittleRockzArkansasinJanuary,eighteeneighty.Hegrewuponarmybaseswherehisfatherserved.HesaidthefirstsoundshecouldrememberasachildwerethoseoftheArmy:thesoundsofhornszdrumsandsoldiersmarching.TherewasneveranyquestionaboutwhatDouglasMacArthurwoulddowithhislife.Hewouldjointhearmy.HewantedtoentertheUnite
7、dStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPointzNewYork.TheAcademyisauniversitythattrainsofficersfortheUnitedStatesArmy.Schoolofficialsrejectedhimtwotimesbeforehewasaccepted.HefinishedhisfouryearsatWestPointasthebeststudentinhisclass.DouglasMacArthurbeganhisserviceintheArmybytravelingtoseveralAsiancountriesinclud
8、ingJapan,andtothePhilippines,thenanAmericanterritory.HealsoservedatseveralsmallbasesintheUnitedStates.HebecameacolonelwhenWorldWarOnebegan.Heledtroopsonverydangerousattacksagainsttheenemy.Hewonmanyhonorsforhisbraveryandleadership.Afterthatwar,heservedasheadoftheWestPointMilitaryAcademy.Hebecameagene
9、ral.Duringthenineteenthirties,PresidentHerbertHooverappointedhimchiefofstaffoftheArmoneofthemostimportantjobsintheAmericanmilitary.Innineteenthirty-five,GeneralMacArthurwasappointedmilitaryadvisortothePhilippines.HewastohelpthegovernmentbuildanarmyfordefensepurposesasthePhilippinesbeganplanningforin
10、dependence.Hehadretiredfromthearmy.HewasthechiefmilitaryadvisortothePhilippinemilitaryforceswhentheUnitedStatesenteredWorldWarTwoinDecembecnineteenforty-one.JapaneseaggressioninthePacificdevelopedveryquickly.JapanesetroopsbeganarrivinginthePhilippinesonDecembereleventhznineteenforty-one.Thefightingw
11、asextremelyfierce.TheJapaneseweredefeatingthePhilippineandAmericanforces.GeneralMacArthurhadbeenrecalledtoactivedutybyPresidentFranklinRoosevelt.PresidentRooseveltorderedMacArthurtoleavethePhilippinestocommandAmericanforcesintheSouthPacific.GeneralMacArthurfinaIIyagreedtoleaveforAustraliabeforethePh
12、ilippinessurrenderedtoJapan.ButhemadeapromisetothePhilippinepeople.Hesaid,lshallreturn.MilitaryhistoryexpertscontinuetostudyGeneralMacArthursdecisionsduringWorldWarTwo.HewonbattleafterbattleintheSouthPacificarea.Often,hewouldpassislandswithstrongenemyforces,cutofftheirsuppliesandleavethemwithnochanc
13、etofight.Innineteenforty-four,hereturnedtothePhilippineswithanarmythatdefeatedtheJapanese.MacArthurwaschosentoaccepttheJapanesesurrenderinSeptember;nineteenforty-five.HewasappointedSupremeCommanderoftheAlliedPowers,theleaderoftheoccupationforcesthatwouldruleJapan.AsanAmericansoldier,hehadtofollowthe
14、ordersofthegovernmentinWashington.ButinJapan,GeneralMacArthurruledlikeadictator.TheJapaneseexpectedseverepunishment.TheysawMacArthurasaveryconservativerulerwhowouldmakeJapansuffer.MacArthurdidchargesomeJapaneseleaderswithwarcrimes.ButhedidnottrytopunishtheJapanesepeople.GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapane
15、setheymustchange,bothpoliticallyandsocially.Hebeganwitheducation.Beforethewar,femalechildreninJapanreceivedlittleifanyeducation.MacArthursaideducationwouldbeforeveryone,includinggirlsandwomen.Hesaidwomenmusthavetherighttovoteinelections,andbepermittedtoholdpoliticaloffice.HesaidJapanesewomenwouldnow
16、havethesamelegalrightsasmen.Andhesaidthateverypersonhadthesamelegalprotectionunderthelaw.GeneralMacArthurtoldtheJapanesepeopletheywerenowfreetoformpoliticalparties.Andheendedtheideaofanofficialgovernmentreligion.Religionwouldbeamatterofindividualchoice.HealsosaidtheJapanesegovernmentwouldnolongerbecontrolledbyafewpowerfulpeople.MacArthurtoldJapanitwouldnowberuledbyaparlia
