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1、美国名人医生伊丽莎白布莱克威尔ElizabethBlackwell,1821-1910:TheFirstWesternWomaninModemTimestoBecomeaDoctorplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:54repeatByNancySteinbach2010-9-8Photo:nih.govElizabethgraduatedfromGenevaMedicalSChOolineighteenforty-nine,becomingthefirstwomaninthewesternworldtohavempletedmedicalschooltraining
2、.STEVEEMBER:EveryweekwetellaboutsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,ShirleyGriffithandRayFreemantellaboutthefirstwesternwomaninmoderntimestobecomeadoctor.Now,thestoryofElizabethBlackwellontheVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOP1.EINAMERICA.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH：ElizabethBlackwellwasborninB
3、ristol,Englandineighteentwenty-one.Herparents,HannahandSamuelBlackwellbelievedstronglythatallhumanbeir)gsareequal.Elizabethsfatherownedasuccessfulsugarcompany.Heworkedhardathisjob.HealsoworkedtosupportreformsinEngland.Heopposedtheslavetrade.Hetriedtohelpimprovelowpayandpoorlivingconditionsofworkers.
4、Andhewantedwomentohavethesamechanceforeducationasmen.Hecarriedthisoutinhisownhome.Elizabethhadthreebrothersandfoursisters.Allfollowedthesameplanofeducation.Theyallstudiedhistory,mathematics,1.atinandGreek.ThesesubjectswerenormallytaughtOntytoboys.FnendsaskedSamuelBlackwellwhatheexpectedthegirlstodow
5、ithallthateducation.Heanswered:*Theyshalldowhattheyplease*.RAYFREEMAN：Ineighteenthirty-twozSamuelBlackwellssugarfactoryWaSdestroyedbyfire.HeandhiswifedecidedtomovethefamilytotheUnitedStates.Elizabethwaselevenyearsold.TheBlackwellssettledinNewYorkCity.ButMisterBlackwellsbusinesstherefailed.Thefamilym
6、ovedwest,tothecityofCincinnati,ontheOhioRiver.SamuelBlackwellwassickformuchofthetrip.HediedsoonafterarrivinginOhio.TbhelpsupportthefamilyElizabethandhertwooldersistersstartedaschoolforgirlsintheirhome.Twoyoungerbrothersfoundjobs.Inthenextfewyears,Elizabethsbrothersbecamesuccessfulinbusiness.Thegirls
7、continuedoperatingtheirschool.ButElizabethwasnothappy.Shedidnotliketeaching.Elizabethbegantovisitafamilyfriendwhowassufferingfromcancer.ThewomanknewsheWaSdying.Shesaidwomenshouldbepermittedtobecomedoctorsbecausetheyaregoodathelpingsickpeople.Thedyingfriendsaidthatperhapshersicknesswouldhavebeenbette
8、runderstoodifshehadbeentreatedbyawoman.AndshesuggestedthatElizabethstudymedicine.nih.govElizabethlackwellstartedAmericasfirsttrainingschoolfornurses.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH：ElizabethknewthatnoWOmanhadeverbeenpermittedtostudyinamedicalschool.Butshebegantothinkabouttheideaseriouslyafterthev/omanwhohadsuggest
9、editdied.Elizabethdiscusseditwiththefamilydoctor.Hewasopposed.Butherfamilysupportedtheidea.SoElizabethtookateachingjobinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolinatoearnmoneyformedicalschool.Anotherteacherthereagreedtohelpherstudythesciencesshewouldneed.Thenextyear;$hestudiedmedicineprivatelywithadoctor.Hewasal
10、soamedicalschoolprofessor.HetoldElizabeththatthebestmedicalschoolswereinPhiladelphia.RAYFREEMAN：NomedicalschoolnPhiladelphiawouldaccepther.CollegeofficialstoldhershemustgotoParisandpretendtobeamanifshewantedtobecomeadoctor.Elizabethrefused.Shewrotetoothermedicalcolleges-Harvard,Yale,andother;lesswel
11、l-knownones.Allrejectedher,exceptGenevaMedicalCollegeinthestateofNewYork.Shewentthereimmediately,butdidnotfeelwelcome.Itwasnotuntilmuchlaterthatshelearnedthereason:heracceptancewasajoke.Theteachersatthecollegedecidednottoadmitawoman.ButtheydidnotwanttoinsultthedoctorwhohadwrittentosupportEIizabeth1S
12、desiretostudymedicine.Sotheyletthemedicalstudentsdecide.Themalestudentsthoughtitfunnythatawomanwantedtoattendmedicalschool.So,asajokeftheyvotedtoaccepther.TeyregrettedtheirdecisionbythetimeElizabetharrived,buttherewasnothingtheycoulddo.Shewasthere.Shepaidhermoney.Shewantedtostudy.Shirleygriffith:Eli
13、zabethBlackwellfacedmanyproblemsinmedicalschool.Someprofessorsrefusedtoteachher.Somestudentsthreatenedher.Butfinallytheyacceptedher.ElizabethgraduatedwithhighhonorsfromGenevaMedicalSchoolineighteenforty-nine.Shewastheonlywomaninthewesternworldtohavecompletedmedicalschooltraining.ThreemonthsIaterzDoc
14、torElizabethBlackwellwenttoParistoIeamtobeasurgeon.ShewantedtoworkinahospitaltheretoIeamhowtooperateonpatients.ButnohospitalwantedherNoonewouldregizethatshewasadoctor.Ahospitalforwomenandbabiesagreedtoletherstudythere.Butshehadtodothetasksofanursingstudent.Atthehospital,DoctorBlackwellaccidentallygo
15、tachemicalliquidinhereye.Itbecameinfected.Shebecameblindinthateye.Soshewasforcedtogiveupherdreamsofbecomingssurgeon.Instead,shewentto1.ondontostudyatSaintBartholomew,sHospital.There,shemetthefamousnurseFlorenceNightingale.ElizabethreturnedtotheUnitedStatesineighteenfifty-one.Sheopenedamedicalofficei
16、nNewYorkCity.Butnopatientscame.SodoctorBlackwellopenedanofficeinapoorpartofthecitytohelppeoplewholivedunderdifficultconditions.Andshedecidedtoraiseayounggirlwhohadlostherparents.nih.govElizabethBlackwellandherdaughterKatharineKlttrBarryBlackwell,1905RAYFREEMAN:ElizabethBlackwellhadmanydreams.Onewastostartahospitalforwomenandchildren.Anotherwastobuildamedicalschooltotrainwomendoctors.Shewashelpedintheseeffortsbyheryou
