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1、美国名人吉他演奏家莱斯保罗1.esPaul,1915-2009:HisElectricGuitarandInventionsChanged20thCenturyPopularMusicplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:09repeatByDanaDemange2009-9-26VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetellabout1.esPaul,oneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinmode
2、rnpopularmusic.Hewasaskillfulguitaristwhoplayedanenergeticmixtureofjazzandcountrysongs.Hewasalsoaninventor.Theelectricguitarandrecordingdeviceshecreatedchangedthesoundofpopularmusicandgreatlyinfluencedrockandroll.(MUSIC)1.esPaulVOICEONE:Thatwasthesong1.over,firstreleasedinnineteenforty-eight.Tomaket
3、hissong,1.esPaullayeredeightrecordingsofhimselfplayingtheelectricguitar.Someofthetrackswererecordedatnormalspeedandsomewererecordedathalfspeed.Playedatnormalspeed,thehalfspeedrecordingssoundtwiceasfast.Thesonggivesagoodexampleof1.esPaulsexperimentalstyleandinventivespirit.1.esPaulisbestknownforcreat
4、ingoneofthefirstsolid-bodyelectricguitarsandtheeight-trackrecordingdevice.Healsoperfectednewrecordingmethodstogivespecialeffectstohismusic.VOICETWO:1.esPaulwasborn1.esterWilliamPolfuss(PO1.1.-fuss)innineteenfifteeninWaukesha,(WAH-kuh-shaw)Wisconsin.Bytheageofnine,hehadtaughthimselftoplaytheharmonica
5、andhadbuiltaradio.Healsolearnedtoplaytheguitarandbanjo.Hecouldnotreadmusic,buthecouldplaymusicthatheheard.Andhehadagoodsenseofmusicalstructure.1.esPaulwassoonperformingincountrybandsintheMidwest.Helefthighschooltoperformfulltimeonradioshows.HeperformedusingthenamesTheWizardofWaukesha11zHotRodRedandR
6、hubarbRed.HealsostartedplayingmusicinfluencedbygreatjazzguitaristsincludingDjangoReinhardt.Bynineteenthirty-seven,hehadformedthe1.esPaultrio.HemovedtoNewYorkCitythenextyear.1.esPaulplayedwithmanyfamousperformersincludingthepopularsingerBingCrosby.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Aroundnineteenforty-one,1.esPaulinven
7、tedhisfamousguitar.Hewantedtomakeaninstrumentthatcouldplayanotelongerthannotesplayedonatraditionalacousticguitar.Hedevelopedanewkindofelectricguitarthathadasolidbody.Onanacousticguitar,thestringsvibrateandthehollowpartoftheinstrument,orthesoundbox,alsovibrates.1.esPaulwantedaninstrumentinwhichonlyth
8、estringsvibrated.Makingaguitarwithasolidbodypermittedthesoundofthestringstolastlongerbecausetheirvibratingenergywasnotweakenedbyavibratingsoundbox.Andthisdesignreducedfeedback,anoiseproblemcommonwithacousticguitars.VOICETWO:Tomakehisguitar,1.esPaulattachedguitarstringsandtwoelectronicpickupdeviceson
9、toaflatpieceofwoodfromarailroadtrack.Apickupisadevicethatcapturesthevibrationofthemetalguitarstringsandchangesthemintoelectronicsoundsignals.Hecalledhisnon-vibratingguitarbodythe1.og.Itwasaverystrange-lookinginstrument,sohehiditinsidethebodyofatraditionalguitar.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.esPaulsaidthatguitar
10、istscouldplaylouderandtrulyexpressthemselveswiththisnewguitar.Hesaidguitaristscouldbecomesomeofthemostpowerfulpeopleinaband.1.esPaulwasnottheonlypersontomakeasolid-bodyguitar.1.eoFendercreatedanotherversion,theFenderTeIecaster,innineteenforty-eight.VOICETWO:TheGibsonGuitarCompanyhiredPaultodesignasp
11、ecial1.esPaulguitar.Versionsoftheguitarhecreatedinnineteenfifty-twoarestillhugesellers,eventoday.Someofthetopguitaristsintheworldhaveusedthisguitar.TheyincludeEricClapton,JimmyPagefromtheband1.edZeppelinandSlashfromthebandGunsNRoses.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThatwasthesongVayaConDioswhich1.esPaulperformedwith
12、hiswife,singerandguitaristMaryFord.Thetwobeganplayingtogetherinnineteenforty-seven.Thenextyear;1.esPaulhadaseriouscaraccidentthatlefthimwithsevereinjuries.Hisrightarmwascrushed.Onceset,hewouldneverbeabletobendhisarmagain.Hedecidedtohavehisarmsetatananglesothathecouldkeepplayingtheguitar.VOICETWO:Dur
13、ingthenineteenfifties,1.esPaulandMaryFordrecordedmanyhitsongsincludingMockingbirdHillandHowHightheMoon.MaryFordperformedon1.esPaulsradioshow.1.atertheyhadatelevisionshow.1.esPaulcontinuedtoexperimentwithdifferentrecordingmethods.Hebuilthisownrecordingstudioinhishouse.Heusedtechnologyandelectroniceff
14、ectstoaddaspecialsoundtohismusic.Inthelatenineteenfiftiesheinventedtheeight-trackrecordingmethodknownasmulti-trackrecording.Eachtrackcouldberecordedandchangedseparately,withoutaffectingtheothers.VOICEONE:Bythenineteensixties,1.esPaulandMaryFordsseriesofhitscametoanendandtheylaterendedtheirmarriage.B
15、utPaulneverstoppedimprovinghisguitarsandothermusicaldevices.Heinventedthe1.esPaulverizerdevicewhichpermittedaperformertoecho,orrepeat,hisorhermusic.Inthenineteenseventies,1.esPaulmadetworecordswiththecountryguitaristChetAtkins.OnewascalledChesterand1.ester.ItwonaGrammyAwardinnineteenseventy-six.Star
16、tingintheearlynineteeneighties,PaulbeganplayinginjazzclubsinNewYorkCity.Hekeptonperformingweeklyuntilafewmonthsbeforehisdeath.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:TheRockandRollHallofFamehonored1.esPaulbymakinghimamemberinnineteeneighty-eight.HewasalsoamemberoftheGrammyHallofFame,SongwritersHallofFameandNationalInventorsHallofFame.Hislastrecordwas1.esPaulandFriends:AmericanMadeWorldPlayed.Itwasreleas
