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1、美国名人画家玛丽卡萨特MaryCassatt,1844-1926:SheBrokeSocialBarrierswithherArtplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:10repeatByDanaDemange2009-7-11VOICEONE:mBobDoughty.VOICETWO:AndImFaith1.apiduswithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthenineteenthcenturyartistMaryCassatt.Shewasbestknownforherbeautifullye
2、xpressivepaintingsofwomenandchildren.Cassattspentherlifeworkingtochangetraditionalbeliefsaboutartandawomansroleinsociety.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MaryCassattwasbornineighteenforty-fournearPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Herfather,Robert,wasawealthyinvestor.Hermother,Katherine,hadadeepknowledgeofbooks,artandtheFrench
3、language.WhenMarywassevenyearsold,herfamilymovedtoEuropeforseveralyears.AneventroomattheUniversalExhibitionof1855inParisVOICETWO:MisterCassattwantedhischildrentoexperienceEuropeaneducationandculture.TheCassattfamilylivedinParis,FranceforabouttwoyearsbeforemovingtoHeidelberginmoderndayGermany.Ineight
4、eenfifty-five,MarysbrotherRobbiedied.MisterCassattdecideditwastimetoreturntotheUnitedStates.Butfirst,thefamilystoppedoncemoreinParis.Itwasanexcitingtimetobeinthatcity.MaryandherfamilyvisitedtheUniversalExhibition.ThiseventshowedthesuccessofFrenchartandindustry.Marywouldhaveseenimportantworksbythemos
5、tfamousFrenchartistsofthetime.VOICEONE:Shemightalsohaveseentheworksofarevolutionarypainter,GustaveCourbet.Courbetsartwascriticizedforitsrealism.So,hewasnotpermittedtoshowhisworkintheexhibit.Instead,hecreatedhisownexhibitspacenearby.AtanearlyageMarysawthedifferentmovementswithintheFrenchartworld.Shew
6、ouldonedaybepartofthisworldandwouldmakeherownrebelliousart.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DuringthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,wealthywomenusuallydidnothavecareers.Womengenerallylearnedhowtocareforahouse.Theymightlearntoplaymusic,sewandpaint.ButMaryCassattwasdifferent.Shebelievedthathertraininginartwasmuchm
7、orethanafunactivity.Shesawartasherfuture.Ineighteensixty,attheageofseventeen,MarybeganclassesatthePennsylvaniaAcademyoftheFineArts.Herfatherdidnotapproveofherdecisiontobecomeanartist.ButMarydidnotletthisstopher.MaryCassattsportraitofherselfVOICEONE:MaryCassattworkedveryhardandwasagoodstudent.Butsher
8、ealizedthattobecomeafullytrainedartist,shehadtogotoEuropetostudy.TravelwasimpossibleduringthefouryearAmericanCivilWarthatbeganineighteensixty-one.So,itwasnotuntileighteensixty-sixthatshereturnedtoParis.Forfouryears,MarystudiedinParisandothersmallertownsinFrance.Becauseshewasawoman,shecouldnotstudyat
9、theFrenchAcademyofFineArtsinParis.Instead,shecreatedherownprogramofstudy.VOICETWO:Cassattworkedhardcopyingthegreatpaintingshanginginthe1.ouvremuseum.Shealsostudiedwithdifferentteachers.Ineighteensixty-eight,oneofMaryCassattspaintingswasacceptedintotheParisSalon.Thisshowwasoperatedbythegovernment-con
10、trolledFrenchAcademyofFineArts.Twoyearslater,theSalonacceptedanotherofherpaintings.Hercareerasasuccessfulartisthadbegun.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Ineighteenseventy,MaryCassattreturnedhometoPennsylvania.Butlifeathomewasnoteasy.HerfatherwasnolongerwillingtosupportMarysartisticcareer.Shetriedshowingherpaintingsi
11、nNewYorkCityzbutnooneboughtthem.SheexhibitedherartinChicago,onlytolosethemallintheGreatChicagoFireofeighteenseventy-one.VOICETWO:1.uckily,areligiouscenterinPittsburgh,PennsylvaniahiredhertocopytwofamousreligiouspaintingsthathunginParma,Italy.MaryCassatthadfoundawaytoreturntoherbelovedEuropeandbepaid
12、towork.InParmazshesoonbegantoreceivewidecriticalpraiseforherart.VOICEONE:CassattcontinuedtohaveherworksacceptedintheParisSalon.Butshebegantotireofthetraditionalvaluesoftheofficialartworld.TheSalonwasverysetinitsways.Itrejectedworksthatshowedbrightcolors,unusualsubjects,oranyformofexperimentation.Cas
13、satthadtomakeadecision:Wouldshepaintinawaythatreceivedpublicapprovalorinawaythatshefoundinterestingandexciting?ShefoundheranswerinagroupofrebelliouspaintersknownastheImpressionists.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MaryCassattoncesaidthatsheusedtogotoaParisartsellersshop.Shewouldflattenhernoseagainstthewindowtotakein
14、allthatshecouldoftheartofEdgarDegas.Shesaidhispaintingschangedherlife.Ineighteenseventy-seven,EdgarDegascametoherstudioandaskedhertojoinhisgroupofartistswhocalledthemselvestheIndependents.ThisgrouplaterbecameknownastheImpressionists.TheseartistsincludedClaudeMonet,AugusteRenoir,andCamillePissarro.Ad
15、etailofAWomanwithaRedZinnia,paintedin1891VOICEONE:DegasandtheotherartistshaddecidedthattheywouldnolongerfollowtherulesandrestrictionsoftheParisSalon.TheseartistsrefusedtosubmitarttotheSalon.Instead,theyformedtheirownexhibitionineighteenseventy-four.Today,theworksinthishistoricalshowaresomeofthemostf
16、amouspaintingsintheworld.Butatthetime,manypeoplecondemnedtheirart.VOICETWO:DegasandtheImpressionistswereinterestedinpaintingtheeffectsoflight,andhowthehumaneyeseessubjects.TheImpressionistsusedbrightcolors,roughbrushstrokesandthickpainttoshowlightandmovementinitsmanyforms.Theyalsopaintedsubjectsofeverydaylife.Traditionalartistsgenerallypaintedimaginedscenesfromhistoryorliterature.MaryCassa
