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1、1）先后次序关系:atthistime;first:second;atlast:next：previously:simultanusly同时地；eventually：lasthutnotleast:tobeginwith：tostartwith：toendwith：finally：Seeing,“由于，因为；sincethen：firsofall；afterwards后来;followingthis;PreCeding从雨的：OrigilUdIy/初的UIIinuHeAt终的，极限的，根本的2）因果关系:because；becauseofthis：beingIhal（口语）既然，因为；anot
2、herimportantfactor/reasonof.：since；as；for；inthat.：owingIo由于，通常负面：dueIo由于；forthereasonthat.；inviewOf鉴于，考虑到resultfrom归因于thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout.；forthisreason:aSaresultofthis：therefore：.andso.：ConSeqUenlIy所以，因此；asaresult；thus这样，如此，因而；hence因此；so；sothat.：inConSeqUenCe结果，结果：asaconsequence
3、：accordingly因此,于是，相应地；inevitably不行避开地;undertheseconditionsthereupon因此于是upon迫近3）转折关系：but；evenso；however；though；eventhough：independentof：recklessOf不顾:despiIethat：inspiteofthat：regardlessOf不顾；yet.；andyet；butunless.NOnetheleSS尽管如此4）并列关系：and;also；too；aswellas；either.or.；both.and.5）递进关系：furthermore此外，而且；m
4、oreover而且，此外：furIher进一步地，此外：Inthisway：still：notonly.butalso.：not.bul.：inaddition(to)：additionally,muchmoreinteresting,moreSPeCifiCaIly更详细地说,next,besides；asfaras.isCOnCerned至于；moreover此外：inotherwords；alongthislineofconsideration：on(the)onehand在一方面，ontheotherhand.：even：asasayinggoes.：inordertodoit.;In
5、eanWhile同时；atthesametime；accordinglyES此：Inthefirstplace.,inthesecondplace.;equalIyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.6)比较关系：similarly;in1ikemanner,incomparisonwith：whencomparedwith；comparedwith；wheninfact.;like.；1ikewise同样地，也：siniIarlyimportant：apartfrom(doing).：ratherthan.,bydoingso；bothand.;inthesamewa
6、y;notonly.but(also).7)比照：yet:still;forallofthat;notwithstanding虽然，尽管；rather当然,的确，宁愿，相当;neither.nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround；yel;ConVerSeIy相反的：unlike：opposedto;asopposedtothis-不同；incontrast(to)；bywayof；onthecontrary；differentfromthis：nevertheless然而,不过,虽然如此；contrary
7、to：whereas但是，鉴于；while；butontheotherhand8）举例关系:forexample；forinstance例如:inthisCaSe既然假如这样;namely也就是instance例子实例换句话说：asyouknow；youmayas/say：asheexplains：like；suchas；acaseinpointis一个恰当的例子是.;consider.；inParticuIar尤其特殊:including.：foronething.首先,foranother.；putitsimply；statedroughly粗糙地,概略地：asanillustration
8、,Iwi11say.：agoodexample（of.）wouldbe.：todetailthis.Iwouldliketo.；Itisinterestingtonotethat.：inthissituation;asproof：takethecaseof;takeaseXamPIe（something）：asfor;asregards；asto；accordingto;onthisoccasion.9）强调关系：infact;especially；PartiCUlarIy特殊,尤其：moreover（此外）：naturally;whatismoreimportant；inreality事实上
9、；certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular；nottomention.：believeitornot：Undeniably（无可置疑）；otherthingbeingequal：itiscertain/surethat.：tobestrict:tobetrue；bydefinition;definitely明确地,确定地；undoubtedly;wiIhoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent（不论怎样）；withoutreservation（无保留地）；obviously,notonly.but（also.）,both.and.10）条件关
10、系：if：unless;lest：providedthat：ifitisthecase；inthissense；once.；ifpossible；ifnecessary；ifso；ifnotall;ifanything.11）归纳总结类：inaword/insum/inshortinbrief/inconclusion/inSUmmarytherefore因此，所以/hence因此，今后tosumup/toconcludetheconclusioncanbedrawnthatforIhiSreason/onthewhole12）地点关系：beyond;oppositeto;adjacent邻近
11、to;attheSameplace:there;over:inthemiddle;around：infrontof;inthedistance:farther:hereandthere;above;below：attheright;between;onIhiSside.13）目的关系:withthisObjeCt无证;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount,由于。.原因；inCaSe万;withaviewto考虑到；forthesamereason.14）重申关系：inotherwords：thatisto
12、say;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.15）结果关系：accordingly;thus:ConSeqUenlly（因此）；hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions:asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly.but(also.);so.asto.16)依次关系：first;second：thirdly：next;then;atIheoutset(在起先时)，followingthis;atthistime;now：atthi
13、spoint;after;afterward后来;afterthis;SUbSeqUenIly后来;lastly最终;finally:COnSeqUentIy所以，因此；beforethis;previously：precedingthis;SimUltaneoUSIy同时地;COnCUrrentIy(同时发生的)17)时间关系:atonce:immediately;atIengt.h最终，最终；inthemeanIime同时；11eanwhiIe:atthesametime：intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally
14、;sometineago：atpresent：allofaSUdden突然；fromthislimeon;fromtimetotime:sincethen：when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once：since：OCCaSionauy偶然地；inamoment;ShOrtIy立即；WhereUPOn于是，因此；previouslyHenceforth今后(1)表层次:first,firstly,tobeginwith,inthefirstplace,second,secondly,tostartwith,furthemor
15、e,third,thirdly,what,smore,lastbutnottheleast,also,andthen,next,besides,equalIyimportant,too,moreover,inaddition,finallybycontrast,althoughthough,yet,atthesametime,but,despite,thefactthat,evenso,incontrast,nevertheless,eventhough,ontheotherhand,Olhetwise,instead,still,regardless(3)表因果:Therefore,cons
16、equently,becauseof,forthisreason,thus,hence,dueto,owingto,so,Accordingly,thanksto,onthisaccount,since,asonthataccount,inthisway,for,asaresult,asaconsequence(4)表让步:Still,nevertheless,inspiteof,allthesame,ofcourse,despite,evenso,afterall(5)表递进：Furthermore,moreover,likewise,whatismore,besides,also,notonlybuta
