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1、Chapter13SpeakingtoInformSectionOne:ChapterTeachingGuidePART 1: :TEACHINGOBJECTIVES在学完这一章后,学生应该能峨:价和说解性演训的四种类型。京樨有关说解性演讲的五项应用原则.PART 2: :TEACHINGSUGGESTIONSI.说解性演讲的种类(TypesofInformativeSpeeches)知识概述说斛性演讲有多种不同的分类方式.课本中将说解性演讲细分为有关实物的说解性演讲(speechesaboutobjects),有关过程的说解性演讲(SPeeCheSabOUtPrOCesses)、有关事件的说
2、解性演讲(SPeeChe5aboutevents)和有关概念的说解性演讲(speechesaboutncepts).在此需要说明的是,不论呆用哪一种分类方式,其目的都是使知识条理化,而不是人为地设置一”限制性的条条框框.事实匕大多数的说解性话跑都很易于分类,但如果遇到一些话麴分类界限模糊的情况,也不必刻意地去寻找所谓的正确答案,最终的也类可取决于演讲不时话理的理解和处理.有关实物的说解性演讲(SpeechesAboutObjects)实物指的是任何有形的、看得见的、具体的事物.实物包恬地点、建筑物、动物以及人物等等。例如:MonumenttothePeople,sHerOeS(人民英雄纪念碑)
3、SuzhouGardenS(苏州园林)Shangri-1.a(香格里拉)DuFuThatchedCottage(甫草堂)DanceoftheYaoPeople(瑶族舞曲)ChinaNationalOperaHouse(国家歌剧院)由上面的一些话SS可以发展出如下的具体目的陈述句:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthemajorfeaturesofSuzhouGardens.ToinformmyaudienceaboutthehistoryofDuFusThatchedCottage.ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedesignoftheChinaNationa
4、lOperaHouse.如果具体目的是解传实物的历史城进程,可以采用时间顽序法。例如:SpecificPurpose:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentofShenzhen.CentralIdea:Inthepastfewdecades,ShenZhenhasdevelopedfromafishingvillageintoamoderncity.MoinPoints:I. Before1979zShenzhenwasafishingvillageknownasBao,anCounty.II. In1979,Shenzhenwaspromotedtopre
5、fectureleveldirectlyundertheprovincialgovernment.III. In1980zShenzhenwasdesignatedasChina,sfirstSpecialEconomicZone.IV. In1988,Shenzhenwasgivenprovincial-leveleconomicadministrativestatus.如果具体目的是解择实物的特点可以采用空间眼!序法.例如:SpecificPurpose:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthestructureofPotalaPaIaCe(布达拉宫)in1.hasa.Ccnt
6、ralldeo:PotalaPalaceconsistsoftheRedPalace,theWhitePalacezandtheirconnectingbuildings.MoinPoints:I.TheRedPalaceIslocatedinthehighestandcentralpartofPotalaPalace.Il-TheWhitePalacesurroundstheRedPalacewithhalls,temples,courtyards,andlivingquarters.III.TheRedPalaceandtheWhitePalaceareconnectedbyceremon
7、ialandBuddhahalls.有时有关实物的说解性演讲需要采用话题顺序法来组织要点.例如:SpecificPurpcse:TolnformmyaudienceaboutthemissionofChinaSoongChmglingFoundation(CSC1.F)(中国宋庆龄基金会).Centralideo:CSC1.Fiscommittedtosafeguardingworldpeace,topromotingChnazsreunification,andtodevelopingchildrenswork.MainPoints:I. CSC1.Fiscommittedtosafegua
8、rdingworldpeace.II. CSClFiscommittedtopromotingChinareunification.III. CSC1.Fiscommittedtodevelopingchildrenswork.有关过程的说解性演讲(SpeechesAboutProcesses)过程指的是由一系列有计划的行为而产生的结果或产物.存关过程的说解性演讲往往讲解如何去创造一样东西、完成一件工作或使用一个实物,例如:developmentofthehumanembryo假胎发育的过程)howtocookaPekingRoastDuckathome(如何El己做北京燧鸭)ecologic
9、alevolutionoftheMirror1.akeinNortheastChina(中国东北豌泊湖的生态进化过程)formationOffoSSils(化石的形成过程)theocean-atmosphericprocessofElNino(厄尔Ai诺现望出现的物理过程)howtobuildaChinesedragonkite(如何制作中国龙风的由上向的一当话题可以发展出如下的具体目的陈述句:Toinformmyaudienceaboutthemajorstagesinthedevelopmentofthehumanembryo.Toinformmyaudienceaboutthefours
10、tepsintheformationoffossils.ToinformmyaudienceabouttheprocessofbuildingaChinesedragonkite.上面的例子去明,有关过程的说解性演讲分为两种,种是利助听众明臼和了解某一种过程(比如,胚胎的发行过程、化石的形成过程等):而另种是指导听众如何去做某种事情(比如;如何自己做北京烤眄、如何制作中国龙风筝等)。这两种有关过程的说解性演讲都需要使用视觉辅助物.行关过程的说解性演讲殷都采用时间顺序法来组织要点。例如:SpedficPurpose:Toinformmyaudienceaboutthefourstepsinpas
11、singChinasnationalcvilservantexam(公务员考i).Centralldeo:TherearefourstepsInpassingChazsnationalcivilservantexam.MoinPoints:I.Thefirststepi$applyingforadmissiontothewrittenexam.II. Thesecondstepistakingthewrittenexam.III. Thethirdstepisattendingaface-to-faceinterview.IV. Thefourthstepisundergoingaphysic
12、alexamination.如果演讲恻重于介绍一些方法或原理,则需要采用话跑顺序法例如:SpeaficPurpose:Tolnformmyaudiencehowarainbowoccurs.CentralIdeo:Arainbowoccurswhenraindropsandsunshinecrosspaths.MainPoints:I.Whensunlightenterswaterdrops,itreflectsofftheirinsidesurfaces.II. Whilepassingthroughthedroplets,thelightalsoseparatesintoItscompon
13、entcolors.III. Whenthefallingwaterdropsflashtheircolorstotheobserver,arainbowappears.有关事件的说解性演讲(SpeechesAboutEvents)事件指的是任何发生的或被认为发生的事情.下面是一些事件说解性演讲话坦的例广:FoundingCeremonyofNewChina(开国大典)1.ugouqiaoInCident(卢沟桥事变)MayFourthMOVenWrn(五四运动)HongKongzsreturntoChina(乔港回归)1.ongMarchoftheChineseRedArmy(红军K征)Wa
14、ter-splashingFestivaloftheDaiMinority(族泼水节)由上面的一些话即可以发展出如下的具体目的陈述句:ToinformEVaudienceaboutthebackgroundofthe1.ugouqiaoIncident.ToinformmyaudienceabouttheimpactoftheMayFourthMovement.ToinformmyaudienceaboutthespiritoftheChineseRedArmys1.ongMarch.讲解事件可以采用不同的方法,如果你的具体目的是解林话遨事件的历史,你就应该采用时间顺序法来组织要点,按照时间坂
15、序来叙述十件的环节。例如:SpecificPurpose:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthethreemajormilitarycampaignsduringthelaststageoftheChinesePeople,sWarof1.iberation.CentralIdea:ThethreemajormilitarycampaignsduringthelaststageoftheChinesePeople,sWarofliberationweretheUaoshenCampaign,theHuaihaiCampaign,adthePingjinCampaign.MainPoints:I.The1.laoshenCampaignwaslaunchedonSeptember12,1948,andlasted51days.II.TheHuaihaiCampaignwaslaunchedonNovember6,1948zandlasted66das.II1.ThePingjinCampaignwaslaunchedonNovember29,1948,andlasted62days.如果要讲解一个事件的特点、由来、意义、益处、今后的发展等等,则若要采用话题顺序法来组织要点.例如:SpecificPurpose:Toinfo