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1、高考英语独立主格结构与练习独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非调语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分.With（Without）的复合结构可以，作是独立主格结构中的一种形式.一、独立主格结构的特点D独立主格结构的曳辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在.2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词谓关系.3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.Thetestfinished,webeganourho1.iday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourho1.iday.4）当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主谙时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词二、独立主
2、格结构的构成：名词普通格或代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容闻/副词/介网短语，副词，不定式,介词等是主1 .名词（或代词）+Ving现在分词衰示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态.1） Heseatinghimse1.fatthedesk,hismotherbegantote1.1.himastory.2） Everyonebeingready,theteacherZganhisc1.ass.3） ThefoodHingcooked,theboywaswatchingTV.注意；现在分词being或havingbeen在独立主格结构中可以省略.Theweather（being
3、）fine,wedecidedtogoonanouting.独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“Therebeing+名词结构中，Therebeingnobus,Wehadtowa1.khome.二是在运辑主语是代词的情况下.ItbeingSunday,a1.1.theofficesarec1.osed.2 .名词（或代词）+1.o+V（短语）不定式表示将来的动作.I）Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.2）Manyf1.owersandgrasstobep1.anted,ournew1.y-bui1.ts
4、choo1.wi1.1.1.ookevenmorebeautifu1.3 .名词（或代词）+Ved过去分词表示前面的名闻或代词被动完成的动作.1）Thegir1.s1.ayonherback,herhandscrossedunderherhead.2）Theworkersworkedsti1.1.harder,their1.ivingconditionsgreat1.yimproved.3）HCWaS1.isteningattentive1.yinc1.ass,hiseyesfixedontheb1.ackboard.4 .名词（或代词）+形式询（短语）形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名
5、词或代词的性质、状态1.)Thef1.oorwet,Wehadtostayoutsideforawhi1.e.2)Heturnedtome,hiseyess1.eepy.5 .名词(或代词)+副词副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态.I)ThRmeetingover,wea1.1.wenthome.2)Schoo1.over,wea1.1.wenthome.6 .名词(或代词)+介词短语1.)Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.2)He1.efttheoffice,tearsineyes.注意：在“逻辑主谙+介词短语”构成的独立主格给构里，当介词是
6、in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分.但Wi1.h的复合结构不受此限制例如，ThCteaChCrCamCin,withabookinhishand.三、独立主格结构的作用：多用作状语1流示时间IIishomeworkdone(=f,ter1.ishomeworkwasdone),Marydecidedtogoshopping.2 ,表示原因Therebeingnobuses(=Becausvtherewerenobuses),wehadtowa1.khome.3 .表示条件Weatherpermitting(=1.fweatherpermits)9we1.1.gotop1.aybaske
7、tba1.1.4 ,表示方式或伴随Hesatatthetab1.e,headdown.I动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，1动词ed形式表示动作已系结束，1动词ing形式往往表示动作正在进行1.)Themanager1.ooksworriedmanythingstoIwsett1.ed.2)Thcmanager1.ooksre1.axed,manythingssett1.ed.3)Theman1.aythere,hishandstremb1.ing.四、With(without)的复合结构的构成以及句法功能(一)、With/without+宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况：1. Wi
8、Ih+名词/代词+形容词Hedoesnt1.iketos1.eepwiththewindowsopen.=Hedoesnt1.iketos1.eepwhenthewindowsareopen.注r在“with+名词/代词+形容询”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词形式或cd形式.Withhissonsodisappointing*theo1.dmanfe1.tunhappy.Withhisfatherwe1.1.-known,theboydidntwanttostudy.2. With+名词/代词+副词Theboywaswa1.king,withhisfatherahead.=Theboyw
9、aswa1.kingandhisfatherwasahead.3. 喇1.h+名词/代词+介词短语Hestoodatthedoor,uithacomputerinhishand.=Hestoodatthedoor,andacomputerwasinhishand.4. with+名词/代词+VedWithhishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttop1.ay.=Whenhishomeworkwasdone,Peterwentouttop1.ay.5. With+名词/代词+VingThegir1.hidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.=
10、Thegir1.hidherboxandnooneknewwhereitwas.Withoutanyonenoticing,hes1.ippedthroughthewindow.=Whennoonewasnoticing,hes1.ippedthroughthewindow.6. Yith+名词/代词+tduThe1.itt1.eboy1.ookssad,withsomuchhomeworktodo.=The1.itt1.eboy1.ookssadbecausehehassomuchhomeworktodo.（二）、With（without）的复合结构的句法功能t定语和状语1. Thereis
11、amagazinewithamoderngir1.onitscover.（定语）2. Hestoodintherain,withhisc1.otheswet.=Hestoodintherain,andhisc1.otheswerewet.（伴IK状语）3. Thekidfee1.sexcitedwithsomanyp1.acesofinteresttovisit.=Thekidfedsexcitedast1.ercaresomanyp1.acesofintcrcsttoViSit.（原因状语）4. Withthesigna1.given,thetrainstarted.=Afterthesig
12、na1.wasgiven,thetrainstarted.（时间状语）分词短语，独立主格，With结构1 .分词短语做状语把复合句改写成分词短语做状语1) if,as,Mhen,after等状语从句及伴随状语(并列句)2) 二个句子主语不一致公式：VingVedHavingdoneHavingbeendone2 .分词独立主格结构把复合句改写成分词独立主格结构做状语1) if,as,when,after,状语从句及并列句等2) 二个句子主语不一致公式：n.(pron)+VingAcdZtodo/adj/advn.(pron)+havingdone/havingbeendonen.(pron)+
13、介词短语guninhand(名词前无冠词)eg.Hesatthere,bookinhand.1) WhenhehaddoneIiiswork,hewenthome.=Havingdonehiswork,hewenthome.2)VVhenhisworkhadbeendone,hewenthome.=Hisworkhavingbeendone,hewenthome.3 .with的复合结构：with+npron+VingVredtodo/adj/adv/p.p去with成为独立主格，再去名词成为分词短语。4 .独立主格结构可省略beingEgzThcnccting(being)over,ever
14、yonewenthome.5 .n+介词短语WiIh+n+介词短语结构有区别，不一样。Theso1.dierSatthere,guninhand.(名词前无冠词)Theso1.diersattherewithaguninhishand.(名词前有冠词和物主代词)6 .分词give用在独立主格结构中，常被放在它的逻辑主语的前边.多给些时间，他会把工作做得更好。Givensomemoretime,hecou1.ddohishomeworkmuchbetter.练习，把复合句改写成分词短语做状语1.Ifwcarccomparedwithadvancedunits,wewi1.1.havea1.ong
15、waytogo.2 .AswewereencouragedbythePartysecretary,$words,theymadeuotheirmindstogoonwiththeirexperiment.3 .Vhenshewasaskedwhoshewas,shesaideshewasMrJohnson,ssecretary.4 .Afterhehaddonehisduty,hewentbacktohisarmyunit.5 .Astheyweretiredoutbyaharddayswork,theydidntgooutthatevening.6 .Ifheisgiventime,hcwi1.1.makeagoodswimmer.7 .Vhentheyheardthenews,theyimmediate1.ysetoffforthestation.8 .Thcrocketwi1.1.weighabout200tonswhenitiscomp1.eted.9 .Aftertheywereto1.dthatbadweatherwasontheway,theydecidedtoputThega
