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1、Unit5TheRea1.Truthabout1.iesRandyFitzgera1.dAttheUniversityofVirginiainChar1.ottesi1.1.e.PSyCho1.OgyprofessorBe1.1.aDePau1.ogot77studentsand70townspeop1.etovo1.unteerforanunusua1.project11keptdiariesforaweek,recordingthenumbersanddetai1.softhe1.iestheyto1.d.OnestudentandsixChar1.ottesxri1.1.eresiden
2、tsprofessedtohaveto1.dnofa1.sehoods.Theother140participantsto1.d1,535,The1.iesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswou1.dca1.1.earth-shattering.Someonewou1.dpretendtobemorepositiveorSUPPOrtiveofaSPOUSeorfriendthanheorsherea1.1.ywas.orfeignagreementithare1.ative,sopinionc.AccordingtoDePau1.o.womenintheirinter
3、actionswithotherwomen1.iedmost1.ytosparetheother,sfee1.ings.Men1.iedtoothermengenera1.1.yforse1.f-promotingreasons.Moststriking1.y,thesete1.1.ers-of-a-thousand-1.iesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem,1.itt1.epreoccupationorregret”.Mightthat,too,bea1.ie?PerhapsButthereisevidencethatthisattitudetow
4、ardcasua1.useofprevaricationiscommon-Eorexamp1.e,20,OOOmidd1.e-andhigh-schoo1.ersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics-anonprofitorganizationinMarinade1.Rey,Ca1.ifornia,devotedtocharactereducation.Ninety-twoPercCntoftheteenagersadmittedhaving1.iedtotheirparentsinthePreViOUSyear,and73percentcha
5、racterizedthemse1.vesasseria1.1.iarsmeaningtheyto1.d1.iesweek1.y.Despitetheseadmissions.91percentofa1.1.respondentssaidtheyweresatisfiedwithInyownethicsandcharacter.Thinkhowoftenweheartheexpressions*,1.1.ca1.1.youor,whecheckisinthemai1.ormsorry,buthesteppedout*.Andthentherea,eprofessions-1.ayers,pun
6、ditsPRconsu1.tantswhosemembersseemtospecia1.izeinshapingorspinningthetnthtosuitc1.ients*needs.1.itt1.ewhite1.ieshavebecomeubiquitous,andthereasonswegiveeachotherfbrte1.1.ingfibsarefami1.iar.Consider,forexamp1.e,aSouthernCa1.iforniacorporateexecutivewhom1Ica1.1.Toni.Hcgoeswithhiswifeandsontohismother
7、-in-1.awshomeforThanksgixingdinnereveryyear,Tomdis1.ikesherspecia1.pumpkinpieintense1.y.Invariab1.yhete1.1.sherhowwonderfu1.itis.toavoidhurtingherfee1.ings.WhatsSTOngWiththat?TOmaskedMichae1.Josephson-presidentoftheJosephsonInstitute,Itsaquestionwemighta1.1.ask。Josephsonrep1.iedbyaskingTomtoconsider
8、the1.iefromhismother-in-1.awspointofview.SupposethatonedayTomschi1.db1.urtsoutthetruth,andshediscoversthedeceit.Wi1.1.shete1.1.herson-in-1.aw,vhankyouforcaringsomuch?”Orisshemore1.ike1.ytofee1.hurtandsay1.mHowcou1.dyouhavemis1.edmea1.1.theseyears?Andwhate1.sehaveyou1.iedtomeabout?AndwhatmightTomsmot
9、her-in-1.awnowsuspectaboutherowndaughter?AndWiI1.Tomsboy1.ietohisparentsandyetbesatisfiedWithhisOWncharacter?Howoftendowecomp1.imentpeop1.eonhowwe1.1.they1.k.orexpressourappreciationforgifts,whenwedon,trea1.1.ymeanit?Sure1.y,thesenice1.iesareharm1.essandwe1.1.intended-anecessarj,socia1.1.ubricant.Bu
10、t,1.ikeTom,weshou1.drememberthewordsofEng1.ishnove1.istSirWa1.terSk1.ying:Mora1.ChoiceinPub1.icandPrivate1.ife9Psycho1.ogica1.barriersweardown；theabi1.itytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;the1.iarsperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmayWarPJTakethepumpkinpie1.ies.Inthefirstp1.ace,itwasntjustthathewant
11、edhismother-in-1.awtofee1.good.Whetherherea1.izeditornot,herea1.1.ywantedhertothinkhigh1.yofhimAndaftertheinitia1.deceitheneededtote1.1.more1.iestocoverupthefirstone.Whobe1.ievesitanymorewhenthey,reto1.dthatthepersontheywanttoreachbyphoneis,inameeting*?Byitse1.f,thatkindof1.ieisofnogreatconsequenceS
12、ti1.btheend1.esspro1.iferationofthese1.itt1.ePreVariCationSdoesmatter.Oncethey,vebecomecommonenough,eventhesma1.1.unt11thsthatarenotmeanttohurtenurageacertaincynicismand1.ossoft11st.,When(trust)isdamagedJwarnsBok.thecommunityasawho1.esuffers;andwhenitisdestroyed,societiesfa1.terandco1.1.apse.*Area1.
13、1.white1.iestobeavoidedata1.1.sts?Notnecessari1.y,Themostunderstandab1.eandforgivab1.e1.iesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsrefertoastheprincip1.eoft11stfortheprincip1.eofcaring.Hikete1.1.ingchi1.drenaboutthetoothfairy,ordeceivingsomeonetosetthemupforasurprisePartyJJosephsonsays,Sti1.hwemustaskourse1.ves
14、ifwearewi1.1.ingtogiveourfriendsandassociatestheauthorityto1.ietousWhencVertheythinkitisforourowngood.Josephsonsuggestsasimp1.etest.Ifsomeoneyou1.ietofindsoutthet11th,WiIIhethankyouforcaring?Orwi1.1.hefee1.his1.ong-termtrustinyouhasbeenunder-mined?Andifyourenotsure.MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodru1.eofthu
15、mb.,Menindoubt,te1.1.thet11th.Itwi1.1.confoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends?谎言的真相兰迪菲茨杰拉能1 .在切洛特斯维尔的弗吉尼业大学里,心理学教授贝拉德保罗如织了77名学生和7。名市民志限参加一个特别的项目.所有参加者写了一周的日记，记录下自己撒谎的次数和细节.2 .1名学生和6名爱洛特斯坦尔的居民声称没行撤过谎决他14。名参加者共计撤减1535次。3 .他们说的道吉里绝大多数在大众眼中都不娣惊天动地的那一类.其中有人毅奘对自己的另一半或朋友表示肯定或支持,或对某位亲戚的观点佯装赞同.依他保岁之见，女性在相互交往中说谎主要是为了不伤对方感俏,而男性何撒说则多半属于自吹自摇。4 .最惊人的是,这些撤广数以千计谎言的人声称,政蝙行为并没有让他的十分“纠结或愧玖”.这会不会也毡谦吉？有可能，不过,确有证据上明，这种做谎也不眨眼的态度是很常见的。5 .例如,加州马
