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1、CO1.DSHUTMAINCAUSErMetaIisfrozenwhentwometa1.frontsjoin.DEFECTTYPE1 .欠铸主要经由：在填充型腔前金属液凝或金屈液浇注不足。SHORTFI1.1.MAINCAUSESiMetaIisfrozenbeforethecavityis111.dorbyinsufficientmu1.being1.ad1.d.2 .冷隔主要缘由：两股金属液交接时金属液凝固。起皮主要缘由：由于增压不良和/或浇口、浇道设计不好.产生金属制化皮.SCA1.INGMAINCAUSES:1.ayersofmeta1.ndoxidescanbecreatedbyp
2、oorshotndcontro1.and/orbadgatoandrunnerdsign.4.气泡主要缘由；开模旧铸件还没完全凝固，残留在钵件中压缩气体膨胀而导致气泡,B1.ISTERMAINCAUSErTrappedgasesareinthecastingwhenthdiisopndwhnthcasting1$sti1.1.wk.Tisa1.1.owsthecompressedgastoexpandandCaU1.eb1.ister.5.飞边主要缘由：在行腔最终填充时铸件投影面区域金属液压力太高，一股压力穿过分里践，缩模力不鲂.模具涨开，金属液逃逸.F1.ASHMAINCAUSE:MouJp
3、ressureiscoohighupontheprojectedsurfacearea(facingthep1.attens)ofthecastingattheendofcavityfi1.1.Thiicreatesaforceacrosstheparting1.inewhichistoogreatforthec1.ampingforceofthmachine.Thedieisthenforcedapartwhicha1.1.owsmeu1.escape.6.铸点铸点在铸件表面用肉品可以清晰望见.主要缘由：金M液在乐室过分冷却.金属固体微粒被压入型腔.CO1.DF1.AKESMAINCAUSE
4、zMeuIIsi1.1.owedtocoo1.coomuhIntheshots1.ev.Thso1.idpartk1.sarethenInjectedintothecavity.Thsf1.akesaroftenc1.ear1.yvisib1.eonthesurfaceofthecastingwiththenakedeye.7 .压射润滑油油污主要缘由；压射润滑油运用过多OSHOT1.UBESTAINMAINCAUSEzThisdefectoccurswhentoomuchshot(tip)1.ubisused.8 .气孔主要缘由:铸件中残用来自各种缘由的气体.压铸参数不好,排气、溢流系统或浇
5、口、浇道设计不好.AIRPOROSITYMAINCAUSESrThisdfctiscausedbytrappedairinchcastingwhichcancom。fromsevera1.sources.1.tcabcausedbypoorshotendcontro1.poorventingandoverf1.owfunctionorbadgatingandrunnrdesign.9拉伤主要缘由：拔模斜度不够或表面凹陷，在顶出时产品灰面被破坏，可通过变更铸件顶出时潮度来改善.模具表面粗糙度不好是另个缘由。DRAGMARKSMAINCAUSEJnsufnitdraftoranundercutca
6、usingacastingtobdamagedonthesurfacewhenitiseected.Th1.seffectmaybereducedbychangingthetemperatureatwhichthecastingisjctd.Poorsurfacefinishofthdieambeanothercause.10 .热裂/裂纹主要绿山，凝固过程中.在陶力状态下收缩时产生.最终在表面有可见的裂纹（不是热脆）.hotTearingzcrackingMAINCAUSEiThIsdefectcausedbymeta1.shrinkingduringso1.idificationwh1.1
7、.undertensionttheI;Utp1.acetoso1.idifyatearorCraCkdeve1.opswhichcanbeseenatthesurface.(NotHOTSHORTNESS)11 .热脆主要缘由；合金成分弓I起在高温时金属太脆（凝固后），铸件冷却（收缩）过程中，睡致话件表面裂触出现在高应力IX。留意：该缺陷伴随热裂出现。HotshortnessMAINCAUSE:ThecompositionoftheI1.IOycausesthemeta1.cobetooweakathightempcraturcs(aftrPidifiCation).Thisthencanca
8、usecracksinthesurfaceofthecastingtoappearInregionsofhhstresswhenchcastingiscooHng(adcontracting),NOTE:Thi$defectcanoccurinconjunctionwithhotcracking.12 .凹陷主要缘由：凹陷是怫件表面旁边的也缩坑导致，出现凝固时铸件表面凹向收缩坑得凹陷同样由模具热学限制不好的缩孔炉致，因为凹陷的形成须要热戊。SINKMAINCAUSES:Asinkiscausedbyashrinkagecavitybo,ngnearthesurfaceofthecast11f.
9、Tb1.scausesthesurfaceofthecastingtoco1.1.apseintothecavityas$。MnCMIonoccursSnkSarecausedbythesamethingsasshrinkageporosityaswe1.1.asverypoortherma1.contro1.ofchodiebecausehotspotsarerequiredforsinkstoform.13 .金属爆破主要缘由：铸件在完全凝固前顶出和孔洞的伴1.物，铸件中破,受限制的气体冲傕未凝囿铸件表面.EXP1.ODEDMETA1.MAINCAUSE:Acombinationofpor
10、osityandthe3dngbeingejectedbeforeithasso1.idifiedcomp1.ete1./.Th1.sa1.1.owsthetrappedpassestoburseoutofthec&sdnja1.ongwithanyunso1.idi11dmu1.14 .热变形主要缘由：铸件顶出后,在冷却至室温过程中产生变形，根本缘由有时是铸件几何结构或合金规范,热变形在较低温度下顶出可减缓,不平衡模具温度是产生该类缺陷主要缘由.WARPAGEMAINCAUSEzAcastingcandeformafterejectionduringthetimeitiscoo1.ingdo
11、wntoroomtmpratr.Throotcauscansometimesbethocastinggeometryorcha1.1.oyspecification.Warpingcanbeminimisedbyejectingata1.owertempentur.Unevendietemperaturei$amajorcauseofthistypeofdfct.15 .枯模主要缘由；化学以蚀和合金与模具钢粘合，在顶出时话件被拉破，可变更合佥和/或降低模具或合金液温度来改善。SO1.DERINGMAINCAUSEiChemica1.attackandbondingofa1.uminiumtod
12、istI.Thiscaussa1.uminiumtobetornawayfromthecastingduringejection.So1.deringcanbereducedbyachangeia1.1.oyand/orareductionindemeuJtemperature.16 .绵孔主要缘由：在凝固过程中金M缩小体枳，在凝固前而不能供应更多的金原液.热点也导致在特定区域产生缩孔。SHRINKAGEPOROSITYMAINCAUSESrThUdefectHcausedbymcJreducingiuvo1.umeduriso1.idificationandaninabi1.itytofee
13、dshrinkagewithmoremca1.bforSo1.idification.Hotspoucana1.socauseshrinkageporositytobeconcentratedInaspecificzone.See,SINK,.17 .龟裂纹主要缘由：模具在运用过程中,连续膨胀也缩，模具表面产生裂纹,导致铸件产生该缺陷.模具过冷和模具扭曲加速该跳陷。HEATCHECKINGMAINCAUSESzThi1.defctiscausedbyth。surfaceofthetoo1.stee1.continua1.1.yexpanding&contractingduringuse.Exc
14、essive1.yco1.ddies&di。f1.。Xingacce1.eratethiseffect.18 .泄漏主要缘H1.：有出力气密性要求的铸件的泄露缘的是辄化物卷入或孔洞.池假区域更垓密的分析可以揭示很多泄露缘由.1mm1.EAKERMAINCAUSES:Cau$esof1.eaksincastingswherepressuretightnessisrequiredcanbeoxidefo1.dsand/orinc1.usionsand/orporosityinconunctionwithasurfacedefectwhichcomp1.etesthepath(ora1.eak.Ac
15、1.oseana1.ysisofthe1.eakingareamayrevea1.whichofthemanycausesiscausingtheSk.19 .变色、斑点主要缘出：氧化物或型腔戌刷物或金属微粒或过多离模剂导致表面变色。也可能由于模具局部过冷，导致转件表面变暗或模糊.DISCO1.OUREDSURFACEMAINCAUSESO1.defi1.ms(dross)ndorresiduesinthcavityand/orpartic1.sithmta1.and/orcud1.ubecancausethsurfacetobedisco1.oured.Aisoitcanbecausedbyapartofthediebeingtooco1.dcausingthecastingcohavedarkerregionsorsmearsonthesurface.20 .夹层主要缘由：金属带片在型腔填充时被带人浇口,因切浇口时脱落,BREAKOUTMAINCAUSErMeuIaks(co1.dakes)whichgetcaughtinthgateduringcavityfi1.1.canbrakoutuneven1.ywhentheOS
