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1、INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO4723editionFirSt2023“1Waterqua1.ityActinium-227Testmethodusinga1.pha-spectrometryQUQIiMdeeauActinium227Methodedessaiparspectrom&riea1.phaISO2023COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.o啪InyM1.tta0DmkfifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.22
2、7490111觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsttiugh(ISOmrtmiw)bMdniK盟RAucekdHpfff1.QbbGgbodyIcommitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governme
3、nta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedyiFFHSOfISo雇etW1.kes
4、,s姗抬”not1.f1.fcfcww1.蝌闾IC限CordanCe麻theeditoria1.ru1.esoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(secwwsv.iso.org/direc1.ives).曲曲谶en1.a隧H%ntakes用福舐岫!瓢oncV三1.部隔隔1监8曲岫野ntm邓龈酣顺榔kgdaimcdpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpub1.icationofthisdocumentISOhad/hadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimp1
5、.ementthisdocument.However,i11p1.ementersare蜘临翻琳酬/mj，wWjSOQFg/眸IentS洗蝮油那ion,扁MMSPOn赖岫油嬲9的阳躲Orasuchpatentrights.Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsenent.documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand幽幽蛔豳
6、酒侬遮W即辆O)assEif1.眦聚inwe帼1.见OnBarRWyE辟dead邮&CcsVbr11isoorgisoforeword.htmI.ThisdocumentwaspreparedRadioactivitymeasurements,byTechnica1.CommitteeISO/TC147,Waterqua1.ity,SubcommitteeSC3,Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshou1.dbedirectedtotheusersnationa1.standardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodies
7、canbefoundarwwwGF7embe4um1.Introductionwaters,seawaters)containradionuc1.ideswhichcanbeofeithernatura1.,oranthropogenicorigin:andrunoffcanwater)watere1.easedfromtotechno)ogic1.processesinvo1.vingnatra1.1.y-ocrringanthropogenicradionuc1.idesemittingradionuc1.ides3suchasSrrCoandtransuranice1.ementsfou
8、ndinnatura1.Anthropogenicradionuc1.idesUsedbeforemedica1.dischargedindustria1.theenvironmentcanjandre1.easedbodies.occurredattheChornoby1.andFukushimanuc1.earfaci1.ities.nuc1.earinsta1.1.ationsduringp1.annedr3dionudidesandemergencyconcentrationssituations(2)resentdrinking-Nationa1.regu1.ationsusua1.
9、1.yspecifyefuentsactivityconcentrationenvironment.authorizedindrinkingComp1.ianceresu1.tsobtainedwithassessedassociatedUncertaintiesradioactivityinwaterSampIesGuide98-3PniVidedInIfReferenceisandspeci11edincoef1.fiCientofReferenceReferencesvaIueandbeenca1.cu1.atedusingtheformu1.a(Irinkingdoscwatcrrep
10、resentsarcsu1.ts1.owIcvc1.eftcctivctohumanhea1.thandmemberscxpcctcdpub1.ic.Thisriscansamp1.es.documentmethod(三)method(三)thisdocument1.a1.oratories,usedwhichvarioustodetermine227(seeScope).operationa1.requirements,reasonssuchasemergencysituations,1.owernationa1.guidance1.imits,andRadionuc1.idesarepre
11、sentthroughouttheenvironment;thus,waterbodies(e.g.surfacewaters,groundGISO2023-A1.1.rightsrrsrnr!ynatura1.1.y-occurringradionuc1.ides,inc1.uding,311,1C30Kandthoseoriginatingfromthethoriumanduraniumdecayseries,inparticu1.ar210Pb,2oPor222Rn,226Ra,22Ra,227c232Th,231Pa1.234U2381.J,byberainfbundinorbodie
12、sdueeithernatura1.(e.g.desorptionfromthesoi1.radioactivemateria1.s(e.g.mining,minera1.processing,Oi1.gas,andcoa1.production,watertreatmentandtheproductionanduseofphosphateferti1.isers);andCm)andsomegammasuch55Fe,59Ni,Ni,wM99Tcf137Csa1.sobe(Np,Pu,Am,waters.Sma1.1.quantitiesofanthropogenicradionuc1.id
13、escanbedischargedfromnuc1.earfaci1.itiestotheenvironmentasaresu1.tofauthorizedroutinere1.eases.Theradionuchdes-prcscntin1.iquidef11uentsareusua1.1.ycontro1.1.edbeingandtoapp1.icationsbewatertotheenvironmentafteruse.Anthropogenicradionuc1.idesarca1.sofoundinwatersduetocontaminationfromfa1.1.outresu1.
14、tingfromabove-groundnuc1.eardetonationsandaccidentssuchasthosethathaveRadionudideactivityconcentrationsinwaterbodiescanvaryaccordingto1.oca1.geo1.ogica1.characteristicsandc1.imaticconditionsandcanbe1.oca1.1.yandtempora1.1.yenhancedbyc1.easesfromwatersourcescanthuscontainexisting,atactivityexposurethatcou1.d.Someahumanhea1.thrisk.TheWor1.dHea1.thOrganization(WHO)recommendstoroutine1.ymonitorradioactivityindrinkingwaters(4andtotakeproperactionswhenneededtominimizethehea1.thrisk.waters,waterbodies,and1.iquidthetobedischargedIhe1.imitsthatareThese1.imitscanvaryf
