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1、INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO/IEC3532-1Firstedition2023-06Informationtechno1.ogyMedica1.image-basedmode1.1.ingfor3Dprinting一f飘篁a1.requirementsTechno1.ogiesdeinformationMode1.isationmedicatedbased,imagespourimpression3D-Panie1:Exigencesgenera1.esReferencenumberISO/IEC35321.:2023(E)ISO/IEC2023COPYRIGHTPRO
2、TECTEDDOCUMENTIS0/1EC2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.or啪UIBndttaeDmkfifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.22749O1.11觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andInformationtechno1.ogyMedica1.image-basedmode1.1.ingfor3Dprinting一Genera1.requirements1 Scopemedica1.app1.iestinnsxomputedtomography3
3、D(CT)mode1.1.inga1.sospecifiestheprincipa1.considerations2 Normativereferencesconstitutesrequirements1.atesteditiondocument.referencedreferences,(inc1.udingamendments)app1.ies.app1.ies.Terms,definitionsandabbreviatedIermsprindp1.es-Fundamenta1.sandVocabu1.aryandthefo1.1.owingapp1.y,document,theterms
4、anddefinitionsgiveninISO1EC2382,ISOSTM529003 .1Termsanddefinitions3.1.1imageacquisition3.1.2s1.icedistances1.icespacing3.1.3hardtissuedeformab1.emode1.-basedsegmentation：activecontourmode1.,1.eve1.-setmethod;at1.as-basedsegmentation:activeshapemode1.,activeappearancemode1.s,1.abe1.fusion;supervised(
5、e.g.ANN,SVM),unsupervised(e.g.K-meansSegmentationofbonystructuresfromCTscannedimagedatahasthereforebenefitedfrommu1.tip1.e麻眠IJ照驱WthmiC(枯叙ft腺麻靛麒!cribe拗他施S胭住em瞅筋珊解猊渊搦/脚鼎微SiOnSwhereashapeisassumedtohavciDeenapproximate1.yrecognizedbutad)ustebasedonthedata.Evenmoreadvancedtechniquesinc1.udetheshaperperc
6、eptiontore1.ayonmu1.tip1.epreconceivedshape而啾e(丽相桐牒!和阿健thodsusingw帆Iw删却nsmartc卿*ear/#娜腐IIWgrowingdatabase(at1.as)anddecisionprocesses.Toidentifyandsegmentationaredso1.atevoxe1.sthatrepresentanyanatomyofinterest,twoimp1.ementationsofa)assigningamasktoadatasetindicatingactivevoxe1.s;orb)de1.etion/remo
7、va1.ofvoxe1.snotinc1.udedinsegmentation.Thresho1.d-basedsegmentation,common1.yusedinintensity-basedsegmentation,usespixe1.brightnessandpatternsthroughouttheDICOMdatatoiso1.ateorremovestructures.Thethresho1.d-basedmethod帆油阳1趣用益由印nin新1.咏腕帐CS麻岫册丽dM1.!1三H8hSO“由咿厢&g黑脚1.ncanbechanged.Wheneverthissemi-auto
8、maticmethodcannotcoverthewho1.eROIrmanua1.segmentationwi1.1.recoverthemissingpart.Theboundariesresu1.tingfortheROIortissueOfinterest觊幽8做郴碗超8照tor况W三fe由舐三8ta三三n,s三)ncontourmode1.isaparameterizedcurveorsurfacewhichiterative1.yevo1.vestowardthedesiredboundaryoftheanatomyaccordingtotheenergyminimizationc
9、riterion.Thismode1.isrobusttoboth职陪WIiHH肌螭懈盼。硼曲蜩%Ey延悔期蜩捅esd酰部岫MnYHte，er,SPii魄ormergingoftheanatomy.5S1.af?J8Fationinatio?fabas6rrnfiaJV*ca1.aseaatomicstructure1.abe1.sandattemptstoInmachine1.earning-basedsegmentation,asanexamp1.e,K-meansc1.usteringisawaytoidentifygroups喇ft喇“睫g哪或解解tonufi世聊路由却做跳帧粉瞬醐琳的
10、esinc1.udedistance.K-meansc1.usteringandFuzzyC-meansc1.usteringaresimi1.arinapproaches.ThemaindifferenceisthatinFuzzyC-meansc1.ustering,eachpixe1.(orvoxe1.)hasaweightassociatedwithaparticu1.arduster,whichmeansthatthereisaWoakorstrongassociationinthatc1.uster.Theminimizationoferrorsduringsegmentation
11、ofbodypart5ofinterestiscritica1.Therearesevera1.knowncritica1.issues,andthereforeaverificationprocesssha1.1.bemadebeforeproceedingfurther.的由路三eexg或、的冏I出eshou4原oritedautomatedsegmentationwhichisprovidedbyadefau1.tHUdoesnotcomp1.ete1.yrecovert11ebonystructure.Theoperatorsha1.1.furtheradjusttheextentof
12、thesegmentationmanua1.1.y.Acommonor曲岫|地f番腌meBH由B展魁61.egmentationisa1.soprob1.ematicfordesigningimp1.antsMethodsOfsegmentationareautomaticsemi-automaticandmanua1.Formedica1.imagesegmentation,thefo1.1.owingpointssha1.1.beaddressed：-forminimizationoferrorsduringthisjob.operatorsshou1.dknowwhichsegmenta
13、tiontechniqueismost1.yusedintheirimagingsoftwareandbequa1.ifiedinthattechnique；SU1.diItnnMmkbi“n户网MnvhIdadfaCtIiha再平MfMKMh依We：仲的止tw图Wiuud1.hcencigEtntations/theoperatorshou1.daddressthefeasibi1.ityoforigina1.imagestoproceedtofurthersegmentation；thechoiceofsegmentationtechniquessha1.1.beappropriateto
14、app1.icationsandverifiab1.e；verificationprocessesforeachstepofSegmetationsha1.1.beaddressed;6.4the3祥骏藤眠懦般指憾摘圜般CibIeandVe皿ab1.e.怖I跳射iMjti11v*蝌曲硼配微Mft(I晚蟠即四忸4找1.etr犯则陨枪唉ria1.segmentedimages.Thesecanbecreatedasfo1.1.ows：eachsegmentedimageisexpandedontothenextimagetobui1.dsevera1.sma1.1.vo1.umemode1.s,r
15、eferredtoasvo1.umereconstruction.Fina1.1.y,a1.1.vo1.ume的Sddssurfacd便由妞N忑阳出Ww囹H1.三砧帆RWM喉氐In皿眼眠矛蝌也阳的日阴,M呼州於wou1.dbeconsideredasurfacemode1.,andcanbestoredinST1.fi1.eTormat.Genera1.1.y,thevo1.umeandsurfacereconstructionsareperformedsimu1.taneous1.ybyreconstructionsoftware.Thesurfacemode1.fi拈StSnMCie1.theorigina1.stackedout1.inesandn
