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1、English Teaching MethodologyChapter One Introductionn1.1 What is ETM? (pp.1-4)nEnglish Teaching Methodology nETMn英语教学法英语教学法ETM is an autonomous discipline(独立的学科). Itnhas its own research contents（研究（研究内容）内容）, subjects（研究对象）（研究对象）, objectives（研究目标）（研究目标） and methodologies（研究方法）（研究方法）nhas its own theo
2、ries and characteristics（理论和特点）（理论和特点） (Fig.1 & 2)Subjects(对象)nEnglish teaching and learning(英语教学)nHow people learn EnglishnHow should English be taught Objectives（目标）nTo explore the interior rule of English teaching（探讨英语教学的内部规律）,so as to put forward theories and methodology on how to teach and lear
3、n English more efficiently.Figure 1相关学科理论（语言学、心理学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学等）教学研究环境M1M2M3教 学实 践教学目标、教学大纲与课程设置、课程大纲、教材教学原则（教学道路或称指导思想）相关理论研究者的活动领域应用语言学工作者的活动领域应用语言学工作者与外语教师共有或合作的领域外语教师的活动领域Figure 2Module 1:ApproachModule 2:MethodModule 3:TechniquesSourceDisciplinesTeachers area1.2 Language and Language Learnin
4、g1.2.1 What is language? (pp 5-7)-Language is systematic and generative. (rule-governed)SentencesPhrasesWordsMorphemes SyllablesPhonemesBottomTopLANGUAGEMorphology(words)Syntax(grammar)Phonology(sounds)Pragmatics(use)Semantics(meaning)I know.I know you know.I know you know I know.What is language?nL
5、anguage is a set of arbitrary symbols. (primarily vocal, but also visual)n狗nDognChiennLanguage is used for communication.nLanguage operates in a speech community or culture.nLanguage is human.nLanguage is acquired by all people in much the same way.Different English pedagogies are based on different
6、 theories on language and language learning.（不同的教学不同的教学方法都是以不同的语言观和语言学习观为方法都是以不同的语言观和语言学习观为基础的）基础的）1.2.2 Language Learning and Teaching (pp.7-8)H. Douglas Browns “twenty-five-words-or-less” definition of learning:nLearning is acquisition or “getting.”nLearning is retention of information or skill.nR
7、etention implies storage systems, memory, cognitive organization.nLearning involves active, conscious focus on & acting upon events outside or inside the organism.n-nLearning is relatively permanent, but subject to forgetting.nLearning involves some form of practice, perhaps reinforced practice.nLea
8、rning is change in behavior.nTeaching cannot be defined apart from learning.nTeaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the conditions for learning.1.2.3 English as mother tongue, ESL, EFL (pp.8-9)English as mother tonguenUK, Ireland, nAustralia, NZ, nUSA,
9、Canada, nBarbados, Jamaica, Trinidad (& Tobago), nGuyanaESL(English as second language):nSouth Africa, nIndia,nSingapore,nThe Philippines,nNigeria,netc.EFL (English as foreign language):nChina, etc.n (TESOL should give as much language input as possible.)1.3 Source Disciplines (pp.10-14)nEducation (
10、unity of scientific spirit and ideological content科学性和思想性统一的原则科学性和思想性统一的原则, integration of theories and practice理论联系实理论联系实际的原则际的原则, visualization theory直观性原则直观性原则, suggestopedia启发性原则启发性原则, step-by-step theory循序渐进原则循序渐进原则, consolidation theory巩固巩固性原则性原则, teach-different-students-differently theory因材施
11、教原则因材施教原则, methodology of educational measurement教育测量方法教育测量方法, etc.)nLinguistics (Structuralism结构主义结构主义, Transformational-generative Grammar转换生成语法转换生成语法, etc.)nPsychology (Behaviorism行为主义行为主义, Stimulus-Response theory刺激刺激-反应理论反应理论, Cognitive Psychology认知认知心理学心理学, Guestalt theory格式塔理论格式塔理论, Psycho-li
12、nguistics心理语言学心理语言学)nPhilosophy (Materialist Dialectics唯物辩证法唯物辩证法, Philosophy of Language语言哲学语言哲学)Today we talked about:nWhat ETM meansnLanguage and Language LearningnSource Disciplines of ETMnETM is an autonomous discipline.nIt has its own research contents（研究内容）（研究内容）, subjects（研究对象）（研究对象）, object
13、ives（研究目标）（研究目标） and methodologies（研究方法）（研究方法）nIt has its own theories and characteristics（理论和特点）（理论和特点）nLanguage is systematic and generative. (rule-governed)nLanguage is a set of arbitrary symbols. (primarily vocal, but also visual)nLanguage is used for communication.nLanguage is human.nLanguage o
14、perates in a speech community or culture.nLanguage is acquired by all people in much the same way.nLearning is acquisition or “getting.”nLearning is retention of information or skill.nRetention implies storage systems, memory, cognitive organization.nLearning involves active, conscious focus on & ac
15、ting upon events outside or inside the organism.nLearning is relatively permanent, but subject to forgetting.nLearning involves some form of practice, perhaps reinforced practice.nLearning is change in behavior.nTeaching cannot be defined apart from learning.nTeaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the conditions for learning.
