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1、词性第1页，共57页。n.pron.v.adj.adv.prep.a.第2页，共57页。 1. 名词可数名词：C不可数名词 : U单复数变化第3页，共57页。可数名词单复数变形单数名词词尾直接加单数名词词尾直接加-s-s。boy boys, pen pens。以以s s、x x 、ch ch 、shsh结尾的单词一般加结尾的单词一般加-es-es。glass glasses, box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes。以以“辅音字母辅音字母 + y”+ y”结尾的变结尾的变“y”y”为为“i”i”再加再加“- -es”es”。baby babies, la
2、dy ladies, fly flies。第4页，共57页。以以“o”o”结尾的多数加结尾的多数加-es-es。tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, hero heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o o结尾的词只结尾的词只加加-s-s。radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos以以“f”f”或或“fe”fe”结尾的名词复数形式变结尾的名词复数形式变“f”f”或或“fe”fe”为为“v”v”，之后再加，之后再加-es-es。wife wives, life lives, kn
3、ife knives, wolf wolves, self selves, leaf leaves改变元音字母改变元音字母man men, mouse mice, foot feet, woman women, tooth teeth, ox oxen第5页，共57页。sentence correctionEmployee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.Conflicts may arise between tourist and local resident.Community service offer wro
4、ngdoer chance correct their misconduct and start new life.第6页，共57页。2. 名词的所有格“的”（1）+s 有生命事物有生命事物“的的”Toms kite, the presidents report 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后todays newspaper, five minutes walk, five pounds weight , ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。the earths planet, the words population, C
5、hinas industry, New Yorks parks第7页，共57页。（2）of 表示无生命事物表示无生命事物“的的”the development of society, the advent of the Internet, the seriousness of desertification第8页，共57页。名词与代词的转化第9页，共57页。使用注意：使用注意：1. 性数一致性数一致2. 紧跟名词紧跟名词Some people do not obey traffic rules himself.To err is human. No matter how eminent one
6、 is, he will make mistakes.第10页，共57页。动词第11页，共57页。1. 主谓一致1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A was B were C had been D would be2. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. Ahave reached Bhas reachedC
7、are reaching Dhad reached第12页，共57页。3. All the employees except the manager_to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged4. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know第13页，共57页。2.动词的
8、时态presentpastfuture第14页，共57页。现在时1） 一般现在时一般现在时构成：-s/es /其他I/ we/ you/ they work He/ she/ it works标志词：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day，once a week，yearly，monthly经常性动作或状态;We often write to each other. Father always reads newspaper after breakfast. 讲述事实或普遍真理;Light goes faster
9、than sound. The sun rises in the east. 第15页，共57页。zz2）现在进行时构成：be+ doingI am working he/ she/ it is working we/ you/ they are working标志词：now, at present, at this time, today, this week, this year, at the moment, 现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the
10、 sports ground. We are working in a factory these days. 在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。 They are leaving for New York tomorrow. Is your brother departing soon? 表达说话这个人情感 always, forever, all the timeHe is always complaining.第16页，共57页。3）现在完成时现在完成时构成：have/ has doneI/ we/ you/ they have worked He / she/ it has worke
11、d标志词：since, for, recently, yet, ever, already, up to now, so far, until now表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用。何时间状语连用。Im sorry I have lost my key. I cant open the door. She has left. If you want to see her, youll have to come tomorrow. 动作与过去发生，持续到现在的动作，可能将继续发生“到目前为
12、止”这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用。 We have lived here since last October. She has studied English for 5 years.第17页，共57页。4）现在完成进行时现在完成进行时构成：have/ has been doingI/ we/ you/ they have been working He /she/ it has been working标志词：all this morning, all.,for表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making pap
13、er for two thousand years. 第18页，共57页。过去时1 1）一般过去时）一般过去时构成：ed/不规则变化I/ we/ you/ they worked He / she/ it worked 标志词：yesterday, last night, at that time, just now, a few days ago, then, last year, in 1999, two days ago过去的动作或状态She suddenly fell ill yesterday. We didnt have classes last week. 第19页，共57页。2
14、）过去进行时过去进行时构成：was/were doingI / he/ she/ it was working we/ you/ they were working标志词： at a certain time yesterday过去某时刻正在进行的动作At that time she was working in Oxford. 过去某段时间内持续的动作He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001. 过去将来的动作 come, go, leave, depart, start He didnt know whether she was c
15、oming.第20页，共57页。3）过去完成时构成：had doneI/ we/ you/ they had worked He / she/ it had worked过去某时间之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”常与 when，before, after 等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。 When I woke up it had already stopped raining. I hadnt learned any English before I came here.第21页，共57页。4） 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时构成：had been doingI/he/she/you/we/the
16、y had been working过去的过去发生的动作持续到过去某时The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.第22页，共57页。将来时将来时1）一般将来时构成：shall/will doI/ we shall work he/ she/ it/ you/ they will work 标志词：tomorrow，next year，from now on，in a month，in the future, today，this evening，this week, this month，this year将来时间的动作或状态Perhaps I shall (will) pay a visit to France this winter. 第23页，共57页。一般将来时其他表现形式1）“be going to +do ”多用于口语中，表示打算、将要发生的事。 We are going to visit the Summer Palace next week. Look at the d
