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1、Unit 4The No-child Family: Going Against100,000 Years of BiologyRita KramerWhat can you infer from the title? What kind title is it?Paragraph 1 2 general understandingParagraph 1 2 Detail discussionlIt means “be going to have a child” or “ bear a child”.familylNo. The first one means family with chi
2、ldren. But the second means no-child family.Paragraph 1 - 2lWhat did the recent survey show?lThe number of young married couples who are deciding not to have children is growing rapidly.ParaphraselWhat is the real reason for such a decision which seems to go against biology and society?Language Poin
3、tsLanguage Pointsgo against; be opposite to what most people would expectParagraph 3 6 Main idea of this partlWhy not to have childrenlDetail discussion:l1.What is the aim of the National Organization for Non-parents?lIts aim is not against parenthood, but against the social pressures that push peop
4、le into parenthood whether it is what they really want and need or not.(whether they are willing or unwilling). And make life without children acceptable and respectable.Paragraph 3 - 6l2.The outspoken (frank) couple William Peck and Ellen Peck bring forward their reasons for deciding to remain chil
5、dless. The reasons are:lA. They attach more importance to freedom, spontaneity, privacy and leisure.(para.4)lB. They want to give their efforts to the community. (para.4)Paragraph 3 - 6ParaphrasePerhaps Ellen Peck and her husband William, a childless couple, express their opinions more openly and ho
6、nestly in public than other childless couple.No-child family is not a social problem, but a life-style choice, and a question of where you want to give your efforts.Paraphrasel but cant see the relationship between the children and the traffic jam(traffic jam is often caused by overpopulation)l cult
7、ure coercion (lines 12-13, para.4):lSocial pressure. Here it refers to socially accepted idea, beliefs, and customs that married people should have children,ParaphraselAnd the results of having children because of societal expectations rather than personal desire are that many people divorced and/or
8、 abuse their children.ParaphraselAll your friends, relatives and colleagues are trying diligently to persuade you to have children so that you can realize what you have failed to have.lwhat they were missing (line 3, para. 5)lwhat they failed to doParaphraselFrom the time girls play with dolls, unti
9、l they watch dramas on television and chat at parties, there is a lot of pressure on them to have children.Conclusion of paragraphs 3-6Language PointsLanguage Pointsadj.Paragraph 7lMany people have children for the wrong reason, sometime for no reason at all.lThe facts are:l1. Men often drift into f
10、atherhood subconsciously (without knowing if they really want to become fathers).Paragraph 7Specialists in the field of human behaviorlPeople decide not to have children as a reaction to the danger of overpopulation, crowding, pollution and nuclear war, which the author describes as “a basic instinc
11、tual response”.lParagraph 8Paragraph 9 Some psychiatrists opinionslThose who do not want to have children only care about themselves. In Greek mythology, a handsome youth scorned all women, consequently he was made to fall in love with his own reflection in a pool by the godness of love, Aphrodite (
12、爱与美女神阿佛洛狄特). Later he turned down Echos proposal and thus suffered punishment. When he died he turned into the narcissus flower(水仙花). So if people have excessive concern only for themselves, they are sometimes called narcissistic or narcissists.Paragraph 9l2. make a virtue out of necessity: do sth w
13、ith a good grace because one has to do it anywayl心甘情愿地做非做不可的事，不得已而甘愿为之。Being short of money, I made a virtue of necessary and gave up smoking.l 我因缺钱，倒也乐得把烟戒了。l I had a couple of months to spare between jobs so I thought Id make a virtue out of necessity by acquiring a few new skills.l在没有找到工作前有一段空闲时间
14、，我想乐得利用来学些新的手艺。 l Paragraph 9a written abbreviation of the preposition versus used when comparing the advantages of two different things, ideas, etc.le.g. The Finance Minister must weigh the benefits of a tax cut VS. those of increased public spending.making sth admirable out of their unwillingness
15、to move from being taken care of to giving care to another.l（他们利用“无孩子家庭”的讨论）使内心不愿意从被人照顾转到照顾他人的矛盾心态合理化。Paragraph 9(lines 4) look after; have a taste forle.g. So many incidents point to the fact that he cares for classic music.l Who will care for the children if their mother dies?l4. Who have no margi
16、n of love to spare them (line 5): who have no extra love to give children/who are too self-loving to love childrenle.g. I have no margin of time for watching TV.Paragraph 9 Questions for discussion:l1. Some psychiatrists say that those who want to remain childless are narcissistic. Why are these people called narcissistic? lBecause they love themselves so much that they are unwilling to take care of children, much less love them.l2. Please explain the last two sentences of this paragraph?Paragra
