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1、托福独立写作素材整理环境类Somepeoplethinkthathumanneedsforfarmland,housing,andindustryaremoreimportantthansavinglandforendangeredanimals.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththispointofview?Whyorwhynot?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.有些人认为人类对耕地，住房，和工业的需求比保存土地和濒临灭绝的物种更重要？同意与否?1动物很重要段落大意：动物对维持生态平衡有很重要作用，但是它们正在
2、快速的灭绝。HumanbeingsaredependentontheEarthsdiversityofspeciesforoursurvival.Wildspeciesplayavitalroleinthemaintenanceoftheplanetsecologicalfunctions,yeteverydayontheplanet40-100speciesbecomeextinctManycountriesacrosstheworldhavenotgotanendangeredspeciesactthatisstrongenoughtoprotectvariousspecies.2人类生存
3、离不开物种多样性段落大意:人类生存离不开物种多样性,但是各种动植物正在急速灭绝。Humanlifecannotexistintheabsenceofcomplicatedinteractionsofmillionsofspeciesinbiologicalsystems.Yetashumanszweliveduringaperiodofthegreatestlossofplantandanimalspeciessincethemega-extinctionsoftheJurassicPeriod65millionyearsago.HarvardUniversitybiologistE.0.Wi
4、lsonestimatesthat50z000plantandanimalspeciesdisappeareachyearduetotropicaldeforestation,expandingagriculture,andhumansettlement.”Humanactivitiesimpacttheenvironment,includingclearingagriculturalland;airzlandandwaterpollution;urbanandsuburbandevelopment;andtheintroductionofinvasiveornon-nativewildlif
5、especies.Iflandandwildlifearepoorlymanaged,humanbeingwillriskfragmentinghabitat.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingharmed(damaged)byhumanactivity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.有些人认为地球正在受到人类行为的破坏，另外有些人认为人
6、类行为使地球变成更好的居住之地。你的观点如何？1单一农作物发展的弊端段落大意:单一农作物发展大面积侵占动物栖息地,使得它们趋于灭亡。Thewholepointofcropfarming(monoculture)istoremoveamixedpopulationoftrees;shrubsetcandreplaceitwithadensepopulationofwheatorbeans.Thebalancebetweenlifeandnaturalplantisupset;theanimalsareforcedtoliveinsmallareasofwoodland,hedgeroworhea
7、th.Thereisnotenoughfoodtogoaroundandthestrongersurvive,manyanimalswilldieandsomespeciesmayevendieout.2有毒的气体对环境的伤害段落大意：我们终日生活在化学气体保卫的环境中，这些有害气体伤害环境，伤害人类。Wearelivinginthemidstofagreatchemicalexperiment,andsomeseriousconsequencesarebecomingapparenttoscientists.Morethantwobillionpoundsofchemicalsarespew
8、edintotheaireachyear.Thesechemicalsarebrewingadisastrousstewzresultinginanatmospherecrisis.Thegreatestconsequencesoftheatmospherecrisismaybeglobalwarmingandtheozonedepletion.Ifhumankindwantstosurvivewellintothenextmillennium,wemuststopthishorribledestructionofourownenvironment.3地球变暖加剧对人类的伤害段落大意，地球环境
9、暖化，使得各种灾害，包括旱涝灾害，臭氧空洞等频繁发生。TheEarthappearstobewarmingduetothegreenhouseeffect.Scientistsestimatethattheaveragetemperaturecouldclimbabout2degreesCelsiusin20years.Thischangeintheglobalclimatewouldhavedisastrousresults,includingdrought,coastalfloodingandincreasedspeciesextinction.Andzscientistshavedisc
10、overedaholeintheozonelayer.TheozonelayeristheonlyprotectionforlifeonEarthagainstdeadlyultravioletradiationfromthesun.Oncetheozonelayeriscompletelydestroyed,alllifeonEarthwillceasetoexist,killedbythedeadlyradiation.Theplanetwillbecomeabarrenrockdevoidofalllife.4工业化使得地球环境变差段落大意:工业化进程带给环境负面影响，人类正在努力扭转这
11、种局面。Thenegativeeffectofindustrializationontheenvironmenthasbeenknownforyears.ThedangersassociatedwithIeadzchlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)landothertoxicmaterialswerediscovered.Severalmeasureshavebeentakentostopthedamagedonetotheenvironmentbyseveralagents.5电脑和网络发展的优势段落大意：网络使得人类生活更加方便。In21stcentury,theIntern
12、ethasbecomeverypopulararoundtheworld.Sincetechnologyhasimproved,manypeoplecanusetheInternetathome.Itallowsforanunbelievablylargeamountofdownloadsanduploadsofinformation,music,videos,attachments,andallsortsofotherthingsasitistheengineoftheInformationSuperhighwayofourInformationEra,inwhichwelive.Fromt
13、heInternet,peoplecanwriteorreceiveemails,getinformationfromaroundtheworld,orchatwithfriendsorotherpeopleindifferentcountriesininstantmessageswithclearvoicesandimagesthatshortenthedistancefrompersontoperson.Alsozthereisnotimelimit.OnecanusetheInternetwheneveronewants.Inaddition,itisveryinexpensive,so
14、itisaveryconvenienttypeofmedia.6商家应该承担更多责任段落大意：商家作为社会优势群体，应该承担更多的社会责任，包括保护环境。Businesstodayhassomanyresponsibilities.Asidefrommakingaprofittheyareforcedtotakeonadifferentresponsibility,onethatinvolvestheenvironment.Corporatemanagersshouldbeheldmorallyresponsibleforgoingbeyondconsiderationsofprofits,l
15、aw,andmarketmoralitytotrytodowhattheycantohelpsolveourmostpressingenvironmentalproblems/1Inhisarticle,Hoffmanarguesthatbusinessmustcreativelyfindwaystobecomepartofthesolution,insteadoftheproblem.Businessshouldtrytobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandthinkofwaystohelpmitigatethemanyenvironmentalprobl
16、emswehave.7个人行为以保护环境段落大意：个人良好行为，包括不随意扔垃圾，实行回收等，可以教育他人，也可以保护环境。Throughmylifestyleandmanners,Ihopetomakeothersawareoftheirenvironmentanditsconstantfragilestate.BynotIitteringzotherswillseehoweasyitistoactuallywalktothegarbagecan.AsIpickuptrashzmypeerswillnoticehowmuchnicerandcleanermysurroundingsseemzandwillinturnwantthatforthemselves.WhenIrecycle,they*Ilseehowsimpleandeasyitslandwhatadifferenceitmakes.Throughmyexamples,theywillseeth
