机械加工简介.docx
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1、机械加工简介Intermsofannualdollarsspent,machiningisthemostimportantofthemanufacturingprocesses.Machiningcanbedefinedastheprocessofremovingmaterialfromaworkpieceintheformofchips.Thetermmetalcuttingisusedwhenthematerialismetallic.Mostmachininghasverylowset-upcostcomparedtoforming,molding,andcastingprocesses
2、.However,machiningismuchmoreexpensiveforhighvolumes.Machiningisnecessarywheretighttolerancesondimensionsandfinishesarerequired.TheMachiningsectionisdividedintothefollowingcategories:Drilling:IntroductionDrillingiseasilythemostcommonmachiningprocess.Oneestimateisthat75%ofallmetal-cuttingmaterialremov
3、edcomesfromdrillingoperations.Drillinginvolvesthecreationofholesthatarerightcircularcylinders.Thisisaccomplishedmosttypicallybyusingatwistdrill,somethingmostreaderswillhaveseenbefore.ThefigurebelowillustratesacrosssectionofaholebeingcutbyacommontwistDrillingCharacteristicsThecharacteristicsofdrillin
4、gthatsetitapartfromotherpoweredmetalcuttingoperationsare: Thechipsmustexitoutoftheholecreatedbythecutting. Chipexitcancauseproblemswhenchipsarelargeand/orcontinuous. Fordeepholesinlargeworkpieces,coolantmayneedtobedeliveredthroughthedrillshafttothecuttingfront. Ofthepoweredmetalcuttingprocesses,dril
5、lingonadrillpressisthemostlikelytobeperformedbysomeonewhoisnotamachinist.DrillPressWorkAreaTurning:EngineLatheTurningThetermfacingisusedtodescriberemovalofmaterialfromtheflatendofacylindricalpart,asshownbelow.Facingisoftenusedtoimprovethefinishofsurfacesthathavebeenparted.Milling:IntroductionFormanu
6、almachining,millingisessentialtofabricateanyobjectthatisnotaxiallysymmetric.Thereisawiderangeofdifferentmillingmachines,rangingfrommanuallight-dutyBridgeports。tohugeCNCmachinesformillingpartshundredsoffeetlong.Belowisillustratedtheprocessatthecuttingarea.toolisstationary.)Milling:Column-and-KneeManu
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