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1、Identification and Collection of AInstitute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversitySample CollectionMonitoring Site Selection1Monitoring Time Selection2Required Equipment3Collection Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityMonitoring Site Selection 11Segments that have very different water quality or poll
2、ution potential in specific areas should have more than one station.2Select monitoring sites that best represent water quality conditions of a water body.3Sites may be located below major pollution Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityMonitoring Site Selection 24Lakes and estuaries should have
3、stations in the major arms and near the dam(reservoirs).5For routine monitoring in freshwater streams and rivers,sites must have either a stream flow gage or be suitable for conducting flow measurement.6As a general rule,streams between 25 and 50 miles long require two Institute of hydrobiology,Jina
4、n UniversityMonitoring Time Selection1-4 times/monthSampling frequencyAccording to different programSummerseasonalSpringSInstitute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityMonitoring Time SelectionvBaseline monitoring includes samples collected over a range of flow conditions.vWhen samples are collected duri
5、ng abnormally high or low flow,the abnormal conditions will be recorded in the field logbook and on the observation lines of the sample data Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityMonitoring Time SelectionLast rainfall information is very useful in interpreting historical data.Tidal consideration
6、sThe same time in different days(eg.8:00-10:00 am)Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityRequired Equipmentv浮游生物采集网浮游生物采集网 25号（号（64 m）13号（号（86 m）v采水器采水器 2.5 L 5 LInstitute of hydrobiology,Jinan University定量采样方法：用采水器取水面以下0.5m 至离湖底0.5m 的混合水样10L。定性样品用孔径为6m 或10m的浮游生物网过滤获得。Required EInstitute of hydro
7、biology,Jinan University边长1M45 cm9 cm63 cm自制浮游植物网自制浮游植物网Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan University不同水体定量样品的采集不同水体定量样品的采集v对于一般富营养化调查，取水面以下对于一般富营养化调查，取水面以下0.5米处的水米处的水样即可。样即可。v对于多样性调查，则要取对于多样性调查，则要取生物多样性生物多样性更更高高的地方，的地方，所以多采取混合水样。所以多采取混合水样。v没有分层的浅水湖泊，每没有分层的浅水湖泊，每1米一个样取至水底上方米一个样取至水底上方0.5米处。米处。v有分层的水体，应取
8、至透明度的有分层的水体，应取至透明度的1.5倍且包括斜温倍且包括斜温层的深度。层的深度。Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan University其它定量采样工具其它定量采样工具lintergrated hose-pipe sampler-5 m length of 2.5 cm diameter plastic piping with a weighted collar at one endla cord attache to the hose and boatla rubber cork to fit one end of the Institute of hyd
9、robiology,Jinan University其它采样用品其它采样用品v透明度盘透明度盘v浊度计浊度计vpH计计v多参数水质仪多参数水质仪Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan University透明度测定透明度测定Procedurev Lower disk into the water on the shaded side of the boat while keeping a firm grip on the line.v As the disk is lowered,count the number of depth marks on the line.v
10、 Keep lowering the disk until it is no longer visible;record the depth according the line marks.v Slowly raise the disk,and when it appears again,record the depth.v The average of these two depths is the Secchi Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityField Data Logbooksv Station IDv Sampling Datev
11、 Locationv Sampling Depth(if other than surface)v Sampling Timev Sample Collectors Initials(if several persons in the region collect this data)v Record of all measured field parameters and their respective values.For each visit to an individual station where field and/or samples are collected record
12、 the following:Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityField physicochemical parameters include part or all of the following:v Dissolved Oxygenv Chlorine Residualv Temperaturev Salinity(tidal waters only)v pHv Secchi Disk Transparencyv Specific Conductancev Days Since Last Precipitation Event(sign
13、ificant enough to influence water quality).v Flow SInstitute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityField Data LInstitute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityOther ObservationsvWater Appearance Color,unusual amount of suspended matter,debris or foam,etc.vWeather Recent meteorological events that may have impac
14、ted water quality;heavy rains,cold front,very dry,very wet,etc.vBiological Activity Excessive macrophyte,phytoplankton or periphyton growth,The observation of water color and excessive algal growth is very important in explaining high chlorophyll a values.Other observations such as fish,birds and sp
15、awning fish are Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityOther ObservationsvUnusual Odors Hydrogen sulfide odor,musty odor,sewage odor,etc.vWatershed or Instream Activities Instream or drainage basin activities or events that are impacting water quality;bridge construction,shoreline mowing,livestoc
16、k watering upstream,Institute of hydrobiology,Jinan UniversityOther Observationsv Record of Pertinent Observations Related to Water Quality and Stream Uses.v If the water quality conditions are exceptionally poor,note that standards are not met in the observations,for example,dissolved oxygen is below minimum criteria.v Uses-swimming,wading,boating,fishing,irrigation pumps,navigation,etc.v Eventually,for setting water quality standards,the level of use will be based on comments related to the le
