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1、11S,(TheBehavioralFinancePerspectiveCase:MimiFongMimiFong,CFA,aprivatewealthmanagerwithanassetmanagementfirm,hasbeenaskedtomakeapresentationtohercolleaguescomparingtraditionalandbehavioralfinance.Shedecidestoenlivenherpresentationwithstatementsfromcolleaguesandclients.Thesestatementsareintendedtodem
2、onstratesomekeyaspectsofanddifferencesbetweentraditionalandbehavioralfinance.Statement1(fromacolleague):Whennewinformationonacompanybecomesavailable,Iadjustmyexpectationsforthatcompanysstockbasedonpastexperienceswithsimilarinformation/1(fromaclient):Whenconsideringinvestments,Ihavealwayslikedusinglo
3、ngoptionpositions.Iliketheirrisk/returntradeoffs.Mypersonalestimatesoftheprobabilityofgainsseemtobehigherthanthatimpliedbythemarketprices.Iamnotsurehowtoexplainthat,buttomelongoptionsprovidetremendousupsidepotentialwithlittlerisk,giventhelowprobabilityoflimitedlosses.(fromaclient):Ihavealwaysfollowe
4、dabudgetandhavebeenadisciplinedsaverfordecades.EveninhardtimeswhenIhadtoreducemyusualdiscretionaryspending,Ialwaysmanagedtosave.HCase:MimiFongStatement4(fromacolleague):WhileItrytomakedecisionsanalytically,Idobelievethemarketscanbedrivenbytheemotionsofothers.SoIhavefrequentlyusedbuy/sellsignalswheni
5、nvesting.Also,my20yearsofexperiencewithmanagerswhoactivelytradeonsuchinformationmakesmethinktheyareworththefeestheycharge.,zStatement5(fromacolleague):,Mostofmyclientsneedawell-informedadvisortoanalyzeinvestmentchoicesandtoeducatethemontheiropportunities.Theyprefertobepresentedwiththreetosixviablest
6、rategiestoachievetheirgoals.Theyliketobeabletomatchtheirgoalswithspecificinvestmentallocationsorlayersoftheirportfolio.Case:MimiFongStatement6(fromaclient):Ifollowadisciplinedapproachtoinvesting.Whenastockhasappreciatedby15percent,Isellit.Also,Isellastockwhenitspricehasdeclinedby25percentfrommyiniti
7、alpurchaseprice.Statement7(fromaclient):wOveraII,Ihavealwaysbeenwillingtotakeasmallchanceoflosingupto8percentoftheportfolioannually.Icanacceptanyassetclassestomeetmyfinancialgoalsifthisconstraintisconsidered.Inotherwords,anacceptableportfoliowillsatisfythefollowingcondition:Expectedreturn-1.645Expec
8、tedstandarddeviation-8%.WhichofthefollowingstatementsismostconsistentwithexpectedCase:MimiFongSSolution:CStatement3ismostconsistentwithexpectedutilitytheory.Theclientexhibitsself-controlandisabletodeferconsumption.Thisclientisconsideringshort-termandlong-termgoalsandattemptingtomaximizethepresentval
9、ueofutility.InStatement1,beliefsarebeingupdatedusingheuristicsratherthanBayes,formula.Statement2isconsistentwithprospecttheory;theclientisoverweightingtheprobabilityofahighfinancialimpactoutcome(gainsonoptions)andunderweightingtheprobabilityofaloss(theoptionpremiumcost).Case:MimiFongWhichofthefollow
10、ingstatementsmostlikelyindicatesabeliefthattechnicalanomaliesexistinthecapitalmarkets?Solution:BStatement4indicatesthebeliefthatbuy/sellsignalscanbeusedtoearnexcessreturns.Statement4indicatesthatmarketscanbeinfluencedbytheemotionsofothers(sentiment).Thisisconsistentwithabehavioralapproachtoassetpric
11、ingthatincludessentimentsuchasthebehavioralstochasticdiscountfactor-basedassetpricingmodelproposedbyShefrin.Case:MimiFongSB.boundedrationality.C.mentalaccountingbias.Case:MimiFong3Solution:CTheclientsdiscussedinStatement5exhibitmentalaccountingbiasbecausetheyconsidertheirportfoliobymatchingitslayers
12、togoals.Theclientsmaynothavetimethemselvestoexaminetheinvestmentuniverseandarriveatoptimalsolutions,buttheyrelyontheiradvisertodothisforthem.Thus,theydonotexhibitboundedrationality.TheclientofStatement6ismostlikelybehavingconsistentlywith:A.prospecttheory.B.expectedutilitytheory.C.behavioralportfoli
13、otheory.TheclientofStatement6isbehavingconsistentlywithbehavioralportfoliotheory.Theclientsellsandholdsastocknotbecauseofthestock,spotential,butratherfromafearofthestockdeclininginvalueandgainsdissipatingandanaversiontorealizinglosses.Loss-aversioninprospecttheoryisdiscussedfromadifferentperspective
14、.Case:MimiFongSTheclientofStatement7wouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingStatements?cfafrmcpacmavideofweixin:804283381A.Istriveforamean-varianceefficientportfolio.B.Iconstructmyportfolioinlayerstomeetmygoals.C.Iamloss-averseandhaveavaluefunctionthatissteeperforlossesthangains.Case:MimiFong3Sol
15、ution:ATheclientisexpressingaportfoliogoalthatconsidersexpectedreturnandstandarddeviation.Thisisconsistentwithtraditionalfinanceandtheclientislikelytopreferamean-varianceefficientportfolio.Thereisnothinginthestatementthatindicatesloss-aversionasopposedtorisk-aversionorapreferenceforconstructingaport
16、folioinlayers.TheBehavioralBiasesofIndividualsHCase:TiffanyJordanTiffanyJordanisahedgefundmanagerwithahistoryofoutstandingperformance.Forthepast10years,Jordan,sfundhasusedanequitymarketneutralstrategy(long/shortstrategythatstrivestoeliminatemarketrisk;i.e.1betashouldbezero)whichhasprovedtobeeffectiveasaresultofJordanshardwork.Anequitymarketneutr
