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1、2018年4月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：008301. Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneoftheourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.2. 1.anguageisasystemofarbitrarysymbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.visualB.vocalC.writtenD.spoken2.3.
2、4.TheEnglishsoundsjandwareA.liquidsB.glidesC.affricativesD.nasalsTheoptimumageforsecondlanguageacquisitionisA.earlyteenageB.7yearsoldC.6yearsoldD.20yearsoldmodifythemeaningandinmanycaseschangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.Prefixes13.RootsC.SuffixesD.Stems5. Neurolinguistshaveconcludedthatthreea
3、reasofthelefthemispherearevitaltolanguage,namely,Brocasarea,WernickesareaandA.neuronsB.cerebralcortexC.ExnersareaD.theangulargyrus6. Aclausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverb,andatthesametimestandsaloneisknownasafiniteclause.A.semanticallyB.structurallyC.SociolinguisticallyD.phonologically7. isalinguis
4、ticsituationinwhichtwostandardlanguagesareusedbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakers,suchastheinhabitantsofaparticularregionoranation.A.CreoleB.VernacularC.BilingualismD.Diglossia8. ThesenserelationthatholdsbetweenthetwowordspieceandpeaceisA.polysemyB.homonymyC.hyponymyD.synonymy9. Asanimportanttheoryin
5、thepragmaticstudyoflanguage,speechacttheorywasoriginatedwithinthelate50,softhe20thcentury.A.PaulGriceB.JohnSearleC.NoamChomskyD.JohnAustin10. Ingeneral,linguisticchangeinthesystemandthevocabularyofalanguageismorenoticeablethanthatinothersystemsofthegrammar.A.syntacticB.morphologicalC.soundD.semantic
6、11. Directions:FillintheblankontheANSWERSHEETineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.11. AccordingtoChomsky,aspeakerhasinternalizedasetofrabouthislanguage.whichenableshimtoproduce
7、andunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentences.12. Englishvowelsmaybedistinguishedasfront,candback.13. Blearningtheorysuggestedthatachildsverbalbehaviorwasconditionedthroughassociationbetweenastimulusandthefollowingresponse.1. .1morphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuc
8、hasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.15. ThelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledI16. Syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerisknownaslinguisticc17. Aisavarietyoflanguagethatisgenerallyusedbynativespeakersofoth
9、erlanguagesasamediumofcommunication.18. Sreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.19. AccordingtoJ.Austin,aIactistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.20. ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintot
10、heperiodsofOldEnglish,MEnglishandModemEnglish.IllDirections:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheANSWERSHEET.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.21. Modemlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary.22. san
11、dzaretwoalveolarfricativesinEnglish.23. Ingeneral,languagelearningreferstochildrensdevelopmentoftheirfirstlanguage.24. Thewordupdateisformedbyderivation.25. ThecaseofGeniedemonstratesthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiod.26. Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneano
12、therwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.27. Ofthetwosoundsbandl,childrenaremorelikelytoacquire/1/firstratherthanb.28. TheconceptualistviewofmeaningwasfurtherstrengthenedbyBloomfield,whodrewonbehavioristpsychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticform.29. Utteranceisbase
13、donsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication.30. 1.anguagechangeisessentiallyamatterofchangeinthegrammar.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.31. displacement32. phoneme33. interlanguage34. root35.
14、 thecriticalperiodhypothesis36. UniversalGrammar37. slang38. hyponymy39. perlocutionaryact40. semanticchange41. V.Directions:Answerthefollowingquestions.42. 1.inguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Describebrieflytheprocessoflinguisticstudy.43. WhatistheCooperativePrinciple?PleasemakeananalysisofwhatmaximisviolatedbyBandwhatimplicatureisproducedinthefollowingconversation.A: Thespeakerisanawfulbore.Dontyouthink?B: Thelecturehallisspacious,isntit?(ThisissaidwhenitisknowntobothAandBthatitisentirelypossibleforBtomakeacommentonthespeaker.)
