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1、ZQ国田IELTSADVANTAGEYes/No/NotGivenPaSSaRe3TheGreatPyramidofGizaTheGreatPyramidofGiza(alsoknownasthePyramidofKhufuorthePyramidofCheops)istheoldestandlargestofthethreepyramidsintheGizapyramidcomplexborderingpresent-dayGizainGreaterCairo,Egypt.ItistheoldestoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld,andtheonlyon
2、etoremainlargelyintact.BasedonamarkinaninteriorchambernamingtheworkgangandareferencetotheFourthDynastyEgyptianpharaohKhufu,someEgyptologistsbelievethatthepyramidwasthusbuiltasatombovera10-to20-yearperiodconcludingaround2560BC,thoughtheevidenceisfarfromconclusiveonthis.Initiallystandingat146.5metres,
3、theGreatPyramidwasthetallestman-madestructureintheworldformorethan3,800yearsuntilLincolnCathedralwasfinishedin1311AD.Originally,theGreatPyramidwascoveredbylimestonecasingstonesthatformedasmoothoutersurface,andinancienttimesitmusthavelookedlikeaspectacularsingleshinywhiteblockofstone;whatisseentodayi
4、stheunderlyingcorestructure.Someofthecasingstonesthatoncecoveredthestructurecanstillbeseenaroundthebase.Manyalternative,oftencontradictory,theorieshavebeenproposedregardingthepyramidsconstructiontechniques.Manydisagreeonwhethertheblocksweredragged,lifted,orevenrolledintoplace.TheGreeksbelievedthatsl
5、avelabourwasused,butmoderndiscoveriesmadeatnearbyworkerscampsassociatedwithconstructionatGizasuggestthatitcouldhavebeenbuiltinsteadbytensofthousandsofskilledworkers.Vernerpositedthatthelabourwasorganizedintoahierarchy,consistingoftwogangsof100,000menzdividedintofivezaaorphyleof20,000meneach,whichmay
6、havebeenfurtherdividedaccordingtotheskillsoftheworkers.Onemysteryofthepyramidsconstructionisitsplanning.JohnRomersuggeststhattheyusedthesamemethodthathadbeenusedforearlierandlaterconstructions,layingoutpartsoftheplanonthegroundata1-to-lscale.Hewritesthatsuchaworkingdiagramwouldalsoservetogeneratethe
7、architectureofthepyramidwithprecisionunmatchedbyanyothermeans.Healsoarguesfora14-yeartime-spanforitsconstruction.Amodernconstructionmanagementstudy,inassociationwithMarkLehnerandotherEgyptologists,estimatedthatthetotalprojectrequiredanaverageworkforceofabout14,500peopleandapeakworkforceofroughly40,0
8、00.Withouttheuseofpulleys,wheels,orirontools,theyusedcriticalpathanalysismethods,whichsuggestthattheGreatPyramidwascompletedfromstarttofinishinapproximately10years.TheoriginalentrancetotheGreatPyramidisonthenorthernside,17metresverticallyabovegroundleveland7.29metreseastofthecenterlineofthepyramid.F
9、romthisoriginalentrance,thereistheDescendingPassage0.96metreshighand1.04metreswide,whichgoesdownatanangleof26o31,23throughthemasonryofthepyramidandthenintothebedrockbeneathit.After105.23metres,thepassagebecomeslevelandcontinuesforanadditional8.84metrestotheLowerChamber;whichappearsnottohavebeenfinis
10、hed.Thereisacontinuationofthehorizontalpassageinthesouthwallofthelowerchamber;thereisalsoapitduginthefloorofthechamber.It,sQD国IELTSADVANTAGEYes/No/Not GivenpossiblethatthisLowerChamberwasintendedtobetheoriginalburialchamber;butPharaohKhufulaterchangedhismindandwantedittobehigherupinthepyramid.28.2me
11、tresfromtheentranceisasquareholeintheroofoftheDescendingPassage.Originallyconcealedwithaslabofstone,thisisthebeginningoftheAscendingPassage.TheAscendingPassageis39.3metreslong,aswideandhighastheDescendingPassage,andslopesupatalmostpreciselythesameangletoreachtheGrandGallery.AtthestartoftheGrandGalle
12、ryontheright-handsidethereisaholecutinthewall.ThisisthestartofaverticalshaftwhichfollowsanirregularpaththroughthemasonryofthepyramidtojointheDescendingPassage.AlsoatthestartoftheGrandGallerythereistheHorizontalPassageleadingtotheQueensChamber.Thepassageis1.1mhighformostofitslength,butnearthechambert
13、hereisastepinthefloor;afterwhichthepassageis1.73metreshigh.AttheotherendoftheGrandGalleryisthenarrowtunnelthatisusedtoaccesstheKingsChamber.Adaptedfrom:http5：en.wikipedia.orq/wiki/GreeItPyramidOfGizaWnteriorQuestions28-32Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeclaimsofthewriterinpassage3?Yesifthestateme
14、ntagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriterNoifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriterNotGivenifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis28. ItiscertainthattheGreatPyramidwasbuiltasatomb.29. Alongtimeago,theGreatPyramid/sappearancewouldhavebeenextremelyimpressiveanddifferentfromitscurrentappearance.30. ThevariousideasabouthowtheGreatPyramidwasconstructedtendtodisagreeonthekindsofblocksused.31. TheGreatPyramidwasbuiltbyskilledworkers,notslaves.32. TheLowerChambermayhavebeenintendedforanotherpurposeoriginally.
