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1、ClimateResilienceinCitiesoftheEU,sSouthernNeighbourhoodOpportunitiesfortheEUGreenDealThestudyispublishedintheframeworkoftheCascadingClimateImpacts(CASCADES)Project(2019-2023),fundedthroughtheEuropeanCommissionsHorizon2020programme,seewww.cascades.eu.ClimateResilienceinCitiesoftheEU,sSouthernNeighbou
2、rhood:OpportunitiesfortheEUGreenDealHannahAbdullah1KarimElgendyandHanneKnaepenNovember2021Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanicalincludingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenper
3、missionofthecopyrightholder.Pleasedirectallenquiriestothepublishers.Photocredit:CopyrightiStockContentsAcknowledgements4Summary5Introduction71. UrbanclimatevulnerabilitiesintheSouthern11Neighbourhood,andbarrierstoresilience2. Acloserlookaturbanresilienceinthreecities163. BringingtheGreenDealtotheSou
4、thern24Neighbourhood:Anopportunitytostepupcooperationwithcitiesaroundthewater-energy-foodnexusRecommendations2737Bibliography30AbouttheauthorsAcknowledgementsWewouldliketothankthefollowingfortheircontributiontothisreport:SarahArbezofCitesUniesLiban;HajarKhamlichiofMediterraneanYouthClimateNetwork;Ab
5、dellatifMahmoudofAssociationFederativedesExpertsetConsultantsdeIaCooperationTechniqueInternationale(AFECTI);MohamedSefiani,MayorofChefchaouen;GladaLahnandChrisAylettoftheEnvironmentandSocietyProgrammeatChathamHouse;AutumnForecast,RichCarterandIanBlenkinsopofSoapbox;andSarahFinch.SummaryCitiesintheMi
6、ddleEastandNorthAfricaarealreadysufferingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Weakurbanregulation,ineffectiveclimatepolicies,limiteddecentralizationandinsufficientempowermentoflocalauthoritiesandcivilsocietyfurtherdecreaseurbanresilience.Futureclimatescenariosandprojectedurbangrowththreatenthestabilityofthereg
7、ion;withpotentialnegativeknock-oneffectsonEurope.ThisCASCADESSpotlightStudyexaminesclimatevulnerabilitiesinurbanareasincountriestothesouthoftheEUandthewiderMiddleEastandNorthAfricaregionandadvocatesforsystemicapproachestoaddressingurbanclimateresiliencebystrengtheningthewater-energy-foodnexus,aswell
8、asotherenablingfactorssuchasdecentralization.ItconcludeswithrecommendationsonhowtheEuropeanGreenDealcanhelpcitiesintheregionadapttoclimateimpacts,basedonawater-energy-foodnexusapproach.Overthepasttwodecades,theEuropeanCommissionhassteppedupitssupportforurbanclimateactionandresilience.Anincreasingnum
9、berofprogrammesfinancedundertheEuropeanNeighbourhoodPolicy(ENP)Southhaveaddressedurbanclimateresilienceinresponsetotheregionsrapidurbanizationandthehighclimatevulnerabilityofcities.ThenumberofurbandwellersinthewiderMiddleEastandNorthAfricaregionisestimatedtoreach527millionin2050,anincreaseof72%compa
10、redto2020.Atthesametime,climateimpacts-includingbothslowonsetchangesandsuddendisasters-areputtingadditionalstressonurbaninfrastructure.Thisstressisaggravatedbyweakurbanregulationsthathavecreatedunsustainabledevelopmenttrendswhichunderminethepotentialbenefitsofurbanizationandadverselyaffecturbanclima
11、teresilience.Theprevalenceofhighlycentralizedadministrativesystemsandincompletedecentralizationreformshamperlocalcapacitybuildinganddecisionmaking,whichareprerequisitesforeffectiveadaptationandresilience.Theconvergenceoftheregion,sharshclimaticnditionswithrapid,unsustainableurbanizationandtheassocia
12、tedsocio-economicburdenscanexacerbateexistingpoliticalinstability,conflict-inducedmigrationandpoverty.ThesedevelopmentscouldcascadeintotheEU,alteringsecurity,tradeanddiplomaticrelationswiththeSouthernNeighbourhood.TheEU,sevolvingapproachtoworkingwithlocalauthoritiesonurbaninfrastructureandclimategov
13、ernanceisafirststeptowardsaddressingtheregionsintertwinedurbanandclimatecrises.However,thisapproachisstillintheearlystagesandthereisaneedtoreflectonlessonslearnedandhowurbanspaces,climatesandgovernanceareevolvingintheregion.ThisstudysuggeststhattheEllsoverwhelmingfocusonsupportingcitiesintheregionwi
14、thenergyefficiencyandthetransitiontosustainableenergysystemsisnotenoughtostrengthenurbanclimateresilience.IncitiesoftheSouthernNeighbourhood,whichtypicallystrugglewithresourcemanagementandscarcity,climateresiliencewillincreasinglydependonlocalcapacitiestoformulateandimplementnexusapproaches,especial
15、lyinthewater,energyandfoodsectors.Basedoncasestudiesofthreesmallandintermediaryurbanareas,thestudyadvocatesforasystemicapproachtoaddressingurbanclimateresilienceinSouthernNeighbourhoodcities.Consideringtheestablishedeffectivenessofapplyingawater-energy-foodnexusapproachtoimprovingclimateresilience,t
16、hepaperstressestheneedforlocalgovernmentstoexplorenexusopportunitiesbetweenthewater,energyandfoodsectorsinordertoachieveresilientandsustainableurbanism,whilealsohighlightingotherenablingfactorssuchasdecentralization.ItconcludesbyexploringhowfutureexternalactionaroundtheEuropeanGreenDealanditsambitionsforsystemictransformationcouldbenefitfromsteppingupcooperationwithcitiesintheSouthernNeighbourhoodarou
